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Table 1 Molecular prevalence of L. infantum, filariae and Wolbachia among dogs with no clinical signs compatible with leishmaniosis or dirofilariosis (n = 155)

From: Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum, filariae and Wolbachia spp. in dogs from southern Portugal

Variable/category

No. (%) of tested dogs

Percentage (n) of positive dogs

PCR

PCR

PCR

≥1 agent

L. infantum

filariae

Wolbachia spp.

Gender

154

    

 Female

84 (54.5)

70.2 (59)

13.1 (11)

6.0 (5)

72.6 (61)

 Male

70 (45.5)

68.6 (48)

11.4 (8)

7.1 (5)

70.0 (49)

Age (months)

143

    

 [1–11]

23 (16.1)

60.9 (14)

4.3 (1)

0.0 (0)

60.9 (14)

 [12–83]

82 (57.3)

74.4 (61)

13.4 (11)

6.1 (5)

76.8 (63)

 [84–192]

38 (26.6)

60.5 (23)

15.8 (6)

13.2 (5)

63.2 (24)

Breed

147

    

 Defined (incl. crosses)

68 (46.3)

58.8 (40)a

11.8 (8)

5.9 (4)

63.2 (43)

 Mongrel

79 (53.7)

77.2 (61)a

12.7 (10)

7.6 (6)

77.2 (61)

Aptitude

155

    

 Pet

108 (69.7)

76.9 (83)b

12.0 (13)

5.6 (6)

79.6 (86)c

 Other1

47(30.3)

51.1 (24)b

12.8 (6)

8.5 (4)

51.1 (24)c

Housing

145

    

 Indoors and mixed

75 (51.7)

61.3 (46)

9.3 (7)

5.3 (4)

64.0 (48)

 Outdoors

70 (48.3)

75.7 (53)

17.1 (12)

8.6 (6)

77.1 (54)

Repellent insecticides2

87

    

 Yes

30 (34.5)

54.4 (31)

8.8 (5)

3.5 (2)

57.9 (33)

 No

57 (65.5)

43.3 (13)

10.0 (3)

6.7 (2)

46.7 (14)

Macrocyclic lactones3

54

    

 Yes

13 (24.1)

38.5 (5)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

38.5 (5)

 No

41 (75.9)

31.7 (13)

17.1 (7)

14.6 (6)

36.6 (15)

Total

155 (100)

69.0 (107)

12.3 (19*)

6.5 (10)

71.0 (110)

  1. 1Farm, guard, hunting, shepherd or stray; 2Deltamethrin, flumethrin and/or permethrin; 3Ivermectin, mimemycin oxime or moxydectin; a P = 0.026; b P = 0.003; c P = 0.001; *Comprising 18 cases of D. immitis infection and one case of A. dracunculoides and D. immitis co-infection