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Table 2 Diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides at the time-to-knockdown

From: Diagnostic doses and times for Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) using the CDC bottle bioassay to assess insecticide resistance

Insecticide (Insecticide classa) Species Diagnostic dose and diagnostic time (for time-to-knockdown)
Chlorpyrifos (OP) Lu. longipalpis 25.0 μg/ml (30 min)
20.0 μg/ml (45 min)
P. papatasi 30.0 μg/ml (60 min)
Fenitrothion (OP) Lu. longipalpis 32.0 μg/ml (45 min)
30.0 μg/ml (60 min)
P. papatasi 30.0 μg/ml (60 min)
Malathion (OP) Lu. longipalpis 40.0 μg/ml (60 min)
P. papatasi 130.0 μg/ml (60 min)
Bendiocarb (CX) Lu. longipalpis 6.0 μg/ml (40 min)
5.0 μg/ml (60 min)
P. papatasi 2.0 μg/ml (30 min)
1.0 μg/ml (40 min)
Propoxur (CX) Lu. longipalpis 3.0 μg/ml (30 min)
2.0 μg/ml (40 min)
P. papatasi 3.0 μg/ml (30 min)
2.0 μg/ml (35 min)
  1. aOP, organophosphate; CX, carbamate
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