Skip to main content

Table 1 Clinicopathological findings in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis based on LeishVet clinical staging [6]

From: Leishmania infantum-specific production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in stimulated blood from dogs with clinical leishmaniosis

Clinical staging

Gender/median [range] of age in months

Serology

Clinical signs (number of dogs/total number of dogs, %)

Laboratory findings (number of dogs/total number of dogs, %)

I-mild disease (n = 10)

5 females and 4 males/15.2 [5–40]

Negative to low positive

antibody levels

Papular dermatitis (10/10, 100 %)

No abnormalities observed

IIa-moderate disease (n = 27)

11 females and 16 males/51 [5–153]

Low to high positive antibody levels

Cutaneous lesions (20/27, 74 %):

• Exfoliative dermatitis (9/27, 33 %)

• Ulcerative dermatitis (9/27, 33 %)

• Alopecia (7/27, 26 %)

• Nodular dermatitis (3/27, 11 %)

• Papular dermatitis (2/27, 7 %)

• Ischemic dermatopathy (1/27, 4 %)

Lymphadenomegaly (19/27, 70 %)

Weight loss (8/27, 30 %)

Fever (5/27, 19 %)

Ocular lesions (4/27, 15 %):

• Conjunctivitis (3/27, 11 %)

• Blepharitis (1/27, 4 %)

Lameness (4/27, 15 %)

Vomiting and/or diarrhea (2/27, 7 %)

Inspiratory dyspnea (1/27, 4 %)

Masseter myositis (1/27, 4 %)

Muscle atrophy (1/27, 4 %)

Epistaxis (1/27, 4 %)

Mild to moderate normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia (8/26, 31 %; 3/26, 12 %, respectively)

Mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia (2/26, 8 %)

Mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (2/26, 8 %)

Mild leucopenia with lymphopenia and neutropenia (2/26, 8 %)

Hyperproteinemia (13/27, 48 %)

Hypergammaglobulinemia (14/27, 52 %)

Hyperbetaglobulinemia (15/27, 55 %)

Hypoalbuminemia (6/26, 23 %)

IIb-moderate disease (n = 9)

2 females and 9 males/43 [9–147]

Medium to high positive antibody levels

Cutaneous lesions (7/9, 77 %):

• Exfoliative dermatitis (3/9, 33 %)

• Ulcerative dermatitis (3/9, 33 %)

• Alopecia (2/9, 22 %)

Lymphadenomegaly (6/9, 67 %)

Weight loss (5/9, 56 %)

Ocular lesions (4/9, 44 %):

• Conjunctivitis (2/9, 22 %)

• Bilateral blepharitis (2/9, 22 %)

Vomiting and/or diarrhea (3/9, 33 %)

Lethargy (2/9, 22 %)

Lameness and articular pain (1/9, 33 %)

Polyuria and polydipsia (1/9, 11 %)

Mild to moderate normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia (6/9, 67 %; 2/9, 22 %, respectively)

Mild leukocytosis with mild mature neutrophilia (2/9, 22 %)

Lymphopenia (3/9, 33 %)

Hyperproteinemia (7/9, 77 %)

Hypergammaglobulinemia (9/9, 100 %)

Hyperbetaglobulinemia (6/9, 66 %)

Hypoalbuminemia (6/9, 66 %)

III-severe disease (n = 10)

5 females and 4 males/85 [37–132]

Medium to high positive antibody levels

Lymphadenomegaly (7/10, 70 %)

Cutaneous lesions (6/10, 60 %):

• Exfoliative dermatitis (4/10, 40 %)

• Alopecia (1/10, 10 %)

• Ulcerative dermatitis (2/10, 20 %)

Weight loss (5/10, 50 %)

Ocular lesions (3/10, 30 %):

• Bilateral blepharitis (1/10, 10 %)

• Conjunctivitis (1/10, 10 %)

• Superficial keratitis (1/10, 10 %)

Lethargy and anorexia (2/10, 20 %)

Vomiting and/or diarrhea (2/10, 20 %)

Splenomegaly (2/10, 20 %)

Lameness and articular pain (1/10, 10 %)

Muscle atrophy (1/10, 10 %)

Epistaxis (1/10, 11 %)

Polyuria and polydipsia (1/10, 10 %)

Fever (1/10, 10 %)

Chronic weakness (1/10, 10 %)

Mild normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia (6/9, 67 %)

Moderate regenerative anemia (2/9, 22 %)

Thrombocytosis (1/9, 11 %)

Mild thrombocytopenia (1/9, 11 %)

Mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia (2/9, 22 %)

Mild leukopenia with lymphopenia and neutropenia (1/9, 11 %)

Lymphopenia (1/9, 11 %)

Mild lymphocytosis (1/9, 11 %)

Hyperproteinemia (8/10, 80 %)

Hypergammaglobulinemia (9/10, 90 %)

Hyperbetaglobulinemia (9/10, 90 %)

Hypoalbuminemia (9/10, 90 %)

Proteinuria (UPC) (10/10, 100 %)

IV-very severe disease (n = 4)

2 females and 2 males/7.5 [23–120]

Medium to high positive antibody levels

Weight loss (3/4, 75 %)

Cutaneous lesions (3/4, 75 %):

• Exfoliative dermatitis (2/4, 50 %)

• Ulcerative dermatitis (1/4, 25 %)

• Onicogriphosis (1/4, 25 %)

• Ulcerative and nodular blepharitis (1/4, 25 %)

Vomiting and/or diarrhea (2/4, 50 %)

Lymphadenomegaly (1/4, 25 %)

Cachexy (1/4, 25 %)

Hypertension (1/4, 25 %)

Cardiac insufficiency (1/4, 25 %)

Keratoconjunctivitis (1/4, 25 %)

Chronic weakness (1/4, 25 %)

Paraparesis (1/4, 25 %)

Mild normocytic normochromic non regenerative anemia (1/4, 25 %; 3/4, 75 %, respectively)

Thrombocytosis (2/4, 50 %)

Lymphopenia (1/4, 25 %)

Mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia (1/4, 25 %)

Total protein (4/4, 100 %)

Hypoalbuminemia ((4/4, 100 %)

Hypergammaglobulinemia (3/3, 100 %)

Hyperbetaglobulinemia (3/3, 100 %)

Proteinuria (UPC) (4/4, 100 %)

Renal azotemia (3/3, 100 %)

  1. UPC: urinary protein creatinine ratio