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Table 1 Effect of tick saliva on inflammatory mediator (mean ± standard error) production by THP-1 cells in the presence of B. burgdorferi as measured by cytokine bead array

From: Immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva on dermal cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease

27-plex assay

2 h

12 h

Mediator

Bb

Bb + saliva

Bb

Bb + saliva

IL-1β

2,793.9 ± 101.8

3,802.3 ± 430.3a

1662.6 ± 101.1

1,440.8 ± 12.7a

IL-1ra

143.2 ± 1.3

197.5 ± 11.0a

5481.2 ± 673.3

1,655.5 ± 28.6b

IL-6

162.8 ± 5.9

193.4 ± 21.3

299.9 ± 11.4

129.2 ± 4.3b

IL-8

42,586.9 ± 235.5

24,111.6 ± 482.3b

170,374.1 ± 12,978.4

48,064.5 ± 1,451.6b

IL-10

72.0 ± 6.8

296.1 ± 83.8b

553.0 ± 24.9

251.6 ± 9.7b

IL-13

94.6 ± 56.7

202.9 ± 74.0

289.1 ± 60.2

541.4 ± 82.4a

G-CSF

109.5 ± 9.3

63.1 ± 2.4a

675.1 ± 37.3

360.1 ± 13.3b

IP-10

1,392.6 ± 94.8

630.2 ± 48.8b

4,983.9 ± 1,283.1

4,084.2 ± 65.5

MCP-1

522.1 ± 19.0

389.1 ± 23.9a

5,190.9 ± 225.5

6,943.4 ± 295.6a

MIP-1α

21,311.5 ± 577.8

4,242.5 ± 300.1b

8,825.5 ± 550.8

967.2 ± 53.7b

RANTES

5,224.3 ± 164.1

3,934.6 ± 129.4a

19,835.9 ± 521.2

5774.2 ± 93.5b

TNF-α

54,937.7 ± 3,339.3

5,820.6 ± 232.5b

2,208.1 ± 190.0

66.9 ± 11.7b

VEGF

1,470.3 ± 270.0

4,772.8 ± 428.4b

19,852.6 ± 2,237.0

38,831.1 ± 243.0b

  1. aStatistically significant compared to Bb only, as determined by two-tailed t-test, P < 0.05
  2. bStatistically significant compared to Bb only, as determined by two-tailed  t-test, P < 0.001