Table 1 Observed values for structural (d ^' _i ) and phylogenetic (SES_MPD) specificity at the species-level. Values are shown for each spatial scale. Significance as assessed by each null model (NM I, II, III) is given as ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05, or ns (not significant)

  A. auricularium

0.88

***

***

-2.02

*

0.89

***

***

-1.91

*

0.97

***

**

-1.83

ns

  A. calcaratum

0.45

***

ns

-2.32

*

0.41

***

ns

-2.00

*

0.66

***

ns

-2.02

*

  A. coelebs

0.42

***

ns

-2.63

**

0.41

***

ns

0

***

0.49

***

ns

0

***

  A. dissimile

0.95

***

**

-2.40

**

0.94

***

***

-2.40

**

0.94

***

***

-2.59

**

  A. geayi

0.87

***

***

-2.60

***

0.87

***

***

-2.58

***

0.85

***

***

-2.48

***

  A. longirostre

1.00

***

*

0

***

1.00

***

*

0

***

1.00

***

*

0

***

  A. mixtum

0.40

***

ns

-2.67

**

0.42

***

ns

-2.48

*

0.40

***

ns

-2.75

**

  A. naponense

0.61

***

*

-0.72

ns

0.61

***

*

-0.64

ns

0.57

***

ns

-0.72

ns

  A. nodosum

0.92

***

***

-2.58

**

0.92

***

***

-2.48

**

0.87

***

*

0

***

  A. oblongoguttatum

0.22

***

ns

-3.24

**

0.26

***

ns

-2.89

**

0.33

***

ns

-2.59

**

  A. ovale

0.58

***

***

-2.04

*

0.65

***

***

-2.08

**

0.67

***

**

-1.84

*

  A. pacae

0.82

***

*

-2.36

*

1.00

***

*

0

***

1.00

***

*

0

***

  A. parvum

0.37

***

ns

-1.58

ns

0.36

***

ns

-1.49

ns

0.37

***

ns

-0.35

ns

  A. pecarium

0.76

***

**

0

***

0.76

***

*

0

***

0.81

***

*

0

***

  A. pictum

0.54

*

ns

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  A. sabanerae

0.94

***

**

-2.65

**

0.94

***

**

-2.64

**

0.93

***

**

-2.68

**

  A. tapirellum

0.62

***

***

-2.21

*

0.67

***

***

-2.18

**

0.62

***

*

-1.40

ns

  A. varium

0.64

***

*

-2.46

*

0.61

***

*

-2.45

**

0.56

***

ns

-2.34

*

Antricola spp.

  A. mexicanus

1.00

***

*

0

***

1.00

***

*

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

  A. persicus

0.99

***

**

0

***

1.00

***

*

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

  D. imitans

0.47

***

ns

-0.73

ns

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  D. latus

0.47

***

ns

-1.17

ns

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  D. nitens

0.73

***

**

-1.69

*

0.58

***

ns

-1.61

*

0.60

***

ns

-1.71

*

  D. panamensis

0.91

***

*

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  H. juxtakochi

0.57

***

*

-1.97

*

0.57

***

*

-2.08

**

0.59

***

ns

-2.12

*

  H. leporispalustris

0.98

***

**

0

***

1.00

***

*

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

  I. affinis

0.79

***

*

-1.90

*

0.78

***

*

-1.32

ns

0.80

***

*

-1.12

ns

  I. auritulus

1.00

***

*

-1.39

ns

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. bequearti

1.00

***

**

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. boliviensis

0.46

***

*

-1.52

ns

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. lasallei

0.83

***

*

-2.36

**

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. luciae

0.94

***

**

-3.04

***

0.89

***

*

-2.80

***

0.96

***

*

-2.84

***

  I. pomerantzi

0.58

***

ns

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. rubidus

0.83

***

*

-3.74

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. tapirus

0.22

ns

ns

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. tiptoni

1.00

***

*

0

***

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  I. venezuelensis

1.00

***

*

-2.42

**

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  O. puertoricensis

0.70

***

ns

0.65

ns

0.79

***

*

0.69

ns

0.92

***

*

0.65

ns

  O. rudis

0.52

***

ns

0

***

0.52

***

ns

0

***

0.51

***

ns

0

***

  R. microplus

0.79

***

**

-2.69

**

0.84

***

***

-2.60

**

0.85

***

***

-2.69

**

  R. sanguineus

0.65

***

***

-1.05

ns

0.72

***

***

-0.78

ns

0.73

***

**

-0.45

ns