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Table 1 Sample sizes, number of positives, and apparent prevalence (in parentheses) of hematozoa, Influenza A Virus (IAV), and IAV serostatus (Ser)

From: Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation

Species

Age

Sex

Sampling month(s)

n

Leuc

Haem

Plas

AIV

Ser

Leuc & Haem

Leuc & Plas

Leuc & AIV

Haem & AIV

Plas & AIV

Leuc & Ser

Haem & Ser

Plas & Ser

MALL

Ad

M

May, Jun, Aug

137

91 (66)

71 (52)

4 (3)

27 (20)

56 (41)

51 (37)

4 (3)

19 (14)

11 (8)

2 (1)

40 (29)

30 (22)

2 (1)

 

F

May, Jun, Aug

115

57 (50)

30 (26)

9 (8)

15 (13)

41 (36)

20 (17)

4 (3)

8 (7)

4 (3)

0 (0)

18 (16)

12 (10)

3 (3)

Juv

M

Aug

118

13 (11)

6 (5)

18 (15)

21 (18)

10 (8)

1 (1)

2 (2)

3 (3)

4 (3)

5 (4)

1 (1)

1 (1)

3 (3)

 

F

Aug

111

13 (12)

5 (5)

9 (8)

16 (14)

14 (13)

1 (1)

1 (1)

2 (2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1)

3 (3)

0 (0)

NOPI

Ad

M

May, Jun, Aug

105

47 (45)

20 (19)

5 (5)

3 (3)

35 (33)

13 (12)

3 (3)

1 (1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

19 (18)

9 (9)

2 (2)

 

F

May, Jun, Aug

142

82 (58)

47 (33)

32 (23)

9 (6)

46 (32)

30 (21)

16 (11)

4 (3)

3 (2)

2 (1)

31 (22)

17 (12)

10 (7)

Juv

M

Aug

119

47 (39)

8 (7)

35 (29)

8 (7)

11 (9)

5 (4)

16 (13)

2 (2)

0 (0)

2 (2)

7 (6)

1 (1)

5 (4)

 

F

Aug

124

47 (38)

8 (6)

42 (34)

10 (8)

11 (9)

4 (3)

20 (16)

4 (3)

2 (2)

4 (3)

2 (2)

0 (0)

3 (2)

AGWT

Ad

M

Aug

54

29 (54)

13 (24)

1 (2)

3 (6)

22 (41)

9 (17)

1 (2)

2 (4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

12 (22)

5 (9)

0 (0)

 

F

Aug

29

19 (66)

10 (34)

3 (10)

2 (7)

8 (28)

9 (31)

2 (7)

1 (3)

1 (3)

0 (0)

4 (14)

1 (3)

1 (3)

Juv

M

Aug

101

29 (29)

6 (6)

9 (9)

10 (10)

10 (10)

4 (4)

2 (2)

4 (4)

1 (1)

0 (0)

2 (2)

0 (0)

1 (1)

 

F

Aug

44

7 (16)

1 (2)

3 (7)

5 (11)

7 (16)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (5)

0 (0)

1 (2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (5)

AMWI

Ad

M

May, Jun

76

66 (87)

39 (51)

6 (8)

2 (3)

5 (7)

36 (47)

6 (8)

1 (1)

1 (1)

0 (0)

5 (7)

2 (3)

2 (3)

 

F

May, Jun

12

8 (67)

2 (17)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (8)

2 (17)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

LESC

Ad

M

May

48

31 (65)

13 (27)

3 (6)

0 (0)

12 (25)

10 (21)

1 (2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

9 (19)

5 (10)

0 (0)

 

F

May

12

2 (17)

3 (25)

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (25)

1 (8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (8)

1 (8)

0 (0)

Total

   

1347

588 (44)

282 (21)

179 (13)

131 (10)

292 (22)

196 (15)

78 (6)

53 (4)

27 (2)

16 (1)

153 (11)

87 (6)

34 (3)

  1. Hematozoa genera were abbreviated (Leuc Leucocytozoon, Haem Haemoproteus, Plas Plasmodium) and the “&” indicates co-infections with multiple hematozoa genera and/or IAV and Serostatus. Sampling month refers to the intervals when birds were sampled (May = 17 May – 27 May; Jun = 10 June – 19 June; Aug = 28 July – 20 August). Age was classified as adult (Ad) or juvenile (Juv). Species abbreviations: MALL mallard, NOPI northern pintail, AGWT American green-winged teal, AMWI American wigeon, LESC lesser scaup