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Table 3 Suite of models considered in Stage 2 and Stage 3 to estimate probability of hematozoa infection (Ψ)

From: Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation

Model

K

Model description

Stage 2 – Co-infection modelsa

 Stage 1

0

pr (infection) varies by top supported model structure from Stage 1

 Haem

1

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection with Haemoproteus parasites

 Leuc

1

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection with Leucocytozoon parasites

 Plas

1

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection with Plasmodium parasites

 IAV

1

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection with Influenza A Virus

 Serostatus

1

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by Influenza A Virus serostatus

Co-infection variation

 * month

3

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection differently for each month

 * species

5

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection differently for each duck species

 * age

2

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection differently for each age class

 * sex

2

pr (infection) varies by Stage 1 and by co-infection differently for each sex class

Stage 3 – Body condition models

 Stage 2

0

pr (infection) varies by top supported model structure from Stage 2

 BCI

1

pr (infection) varies by Stage 2 and by body condition

 BCI * month

3

pr (infection) varies by Stage 2 and by body condition effect that is different for each month

 BCI * species

5

pr (infection) varies by Stage 2 and by body condition effect that is different for each species

 BCI * age

2

pr (infection) varies by Stage 2 and by body condition effect that is different for each age class

 BCI * sex

2

pr (infection) varies by Stage 2 and by body condition effect that is different for each sex class

  1. Models were considered independently for each of three hematozoa genera (Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium) and were applied only to estimation of Ψ. K = number of model parameters in addition to those supported in the previous stage of model selection and BCI is the body condition index
  2. aEach co-infecting agent was considered alone, and varying multiplicatively with co-infection variation structures
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Parasites & Vectors

ISSN: 1756-3305

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