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Table 5 Estimates of monthly detection probability \( \left(\widehat{p}\right) \) for Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites for a single PCR run

From: Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation

  

May

June

August

Parasite

Class

\( \widehat{p} \)

SE

\( \widehat{p} \)

SE

\( \widehat{p} \)

SE

Leucocytozoon

All

0.90

0.02

0.97

0.02

  
 

ad - M

    

0.67, 0.93, 0.99

0.07, 0.02, 0.01

 

ad - F

    

0.80, 0.85, 0.90

0.05, 0.03, 0.05

 

juv

    

0.74, 0.86, 0.93

0.07, 0.02, 0.02

Haemoproteus

All

0.85

0.03

0.85

0.04

  
 

AGWT - ad

    

0.98

0.01

 

MALL - ad

    

0.91

0.03

 

NOPI - ad

    

0.97

0.02

 

AGWT - juv

    

0.81

0.11

 

MALL - juv

    

0.41

0.13

 

NOPI - juv

    

0.69

0.09

Plasmodium

All

0.86

0.02

(applies to all months)

 
  1. Ducks were sampled in three distinct capture intervals: May (17 May – 27 May), June (10 June – 19 June), and August (28 July – 20 August). Estimates of p for Leucocytozoon increased linearly during the August sampling period; numbers represent the lowest, median, highest estimates and associated SE. Abbreviations: ad age class adult, juv age class juvenile, MALL mallard, NOPI northern pintail, AGWT American green-winged teal