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Table 3 Frequency and intensity of genito-urinary schistosomiasis in relation to water sources for domestic and recreational uses

From: Prevalence and intensity of genito-urinary schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among junior high school students in two local government areas around Zobe Dam in Katsina State, Nigeria

Water source

Number examined (%)

Number infected (%)

Odds ratio (95 % CI)

P-value

ECAM (95 % CI)

Borehole

463 (100)

110 (23.76)

1.13 (0.78–1.65)

0.5052

2497 [22.7 (14.28–31.12)]

Dam

174 (100)

87 (50)

3.63 (2.38–5.58)

< 0.0001

2106 [24.21 (13.77–34.64)]

Pond

120 (100)

49 (40.83)

2.51 (1.56–4.04)

0.0001

819 [16.71 (10.55–22.87)]

River

53 (100)

19 (35.85)

2.03 (1.06–3.84)

0.0274

853 [44.89 (2.71–87.08)]

Stream

198 (100)

75 (37.88)

2.22 (1.46–3.38)

0.0002

1602 [21.36 (9.95–32.77)]

Well

243 (100)

72 (29.63)

1.53 (1.02–2.32)

0.0406

2480 [34.44 (10.09–58.79)]

Tap

246 (100)

53 (21.54)

1.00 (0.65–1.54)

1.0000

802 [15.13 (7.32–22.95)]

Sachet

2 (100)

0

0

–

0

Recreational activities

 Swimming

237 (100)

24 (10.13)

1.32 (0.73–2.37)

0.3523

496 [20.67 (9.71–31.62)]

 Playing in shallow water

330 (100)

26 (7.88)

1

–

397 [15.27 (1.45–29.09)]

 Swimming & playing in shallow water

151 (100)

84 (55.63)

14.55 (8.78–24.64)

< 0.0001

2981 [35.49 (14.73–56.25)]

  1. In the ECAM column, the raw egg counts are followed by the mean egg counts and the confidence intervals in parentheses
  2. Abbreviation: ECAM Egg count arithmetic mean