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Table 4 Factors associated with the report of the use of a repellent at the household level in multivariate analysis

From: The use of mosquito repellents at three sites in India with declining malaria transmission: surveys in the community and clinic

 

Any repellent

Vaporizer

Coils

 

Risk ratio (95 % CI)

P

Risk ratio (95 % CI)

P

Risk ratio (95 % CI)

P

Chennai Census

 Female < 5 years in HH

1.05 (0.93–1.18)

0.455

1.12 (0.96–1.30)

0.138

ns

 

 Male < 5 years in HH

1.17 (1.05–1.29)

0.003

1.22 (1.06–1.40)

0.006

ns

 

 At least one person with secondary education in HH

1.26 (1.12–1.41)

< 0.001

1.38 (1.18–1.60)

< 0.001

ns

 

 Male head of HH

ns

 

1.27 (1.02–1.58)

0.035

0.63 (0.48–0.82)

0.001

 Socio-economic status

  High

1.37 (1.18–1.59)

< 0.001

2.22 (1.75–2.81)

< 0.001

0.28 (0.17–0.47)

< 0.001

  2

1.32 (1.14–1.53)

< 0.001

2.17 (1.70–2.73)

< 0.001

0.52 (0.36–0.74)

< 0.001

  3

1.06 (0.90–1.24)

0.487

1.46 (1.13–1.89)

0.004

0.54 (0.39–0.76)

< 0.001

  4

1.13 (0.97–1.32)

0.110

1.55 (1.20–2.00)

0.001

0.73 (0.54–0.98)

0.037

  Low

Reference

   

Reference

 

 Rainy season

1.33 (1.21–1.46)

< 0.001

1.14 (1.01–1.30)

0.038

2.13 (1.68–2.70)

< 0.001

Nadiad Census

 Female < 5 years in HH

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.82–1.10)

0.486

1.24 (1.09–1.41)

0.001

 Male < 5 years in HH

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

0.005

1.14 (1.00–1.30)

0.045

1.18 (1.04–1.34)

0.010

 Person with secondary education in HH

ns

 

1.48 (1.29–1.70)

< 0.001

0.81 (0.71–0.92)

0.001

 Socio-economic status

  High

1.93 (1.72–2.17)

< 0.001

16.63 (9.17–30.14)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.71–1.08)

0.223

  2

1.93 (1.72–2.17)

< 0.001

15.25 (8.41–27.62)

< 0.001

1.04 (0.86–1.26)

0.679

  3

1.82 (1.62–2.05)

< 0.001

12.18 (6.71–22.12)

< 0.001

1.19 (1.01–1.40)

0.041

  4

1.43 (1.26–1.63)

< 0.001

5.37 (2.90–9.98)

< 0.001

1.26 (1.08–1.47)

0.004

  Low

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Rainy season

0.46 (0.34–0.61)

< 0.001

0.36 (0.18–0.70)

0.003

0.44 (0.37–0.48)

< 0.001

Raurkela Census

 Male head of household

0.87 (0.78–0.97)

0.013

0.69 (0.50–0.95)

0.022

0.88 (0.79–0.99)

0.037

 Socio-economic status

  High

1.89 (1.59–2.24)

< 0.001

0.02 (0.00–0.12)

< 0.001

47.96 (12.12–189.71)

< 0.001

  2

1.67 (1.41–1.97)

< 0.001

0.10 (0.05–0.22)

< 0.001

45.21 (11.41–179.21)

< 0.001

  3

0.65 (0.52–0.81)

< 0.001

0.41 (0.31–0.55)

< 0.001

11.36 (2.75–46.95)

0.001

  4

0.74 (0.62–0.88)

0.001

0.69 (0.57–0.83)

< 0.001

2.24 (0.47–10.57)

0.309

  Low

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Member(s) with a history of malaria last year

0.63 (0.53–0.75)

< 0.001

ns

 

0.68 (0.52–0.90)

0.007

 Rainy season

ns

 

ns

 

0.54 (0.35–0.83)

0.005

 ITN use

1.66 (1.45–1.90)

< 0.001

4.20, 3.15–5.59

<0.001

0.71 (0.55–0.92)

0.010

  1. Abbreviations: HH, household; ITN, insecticide treated net; ns, not significant
  2. Factors examined: young male or female in the household, person with secondary education in household, gender of the household, socio-economic status, a household member with a history of fever in the past year and season of interview. For tables with univariate and multivariate analyses, see Additional file 1: Table S4A–C
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Parasites & Vectors

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