From: The immunology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)
 | Asia | Africa |
---|---|---|
Clinical type most common | macular | papular |
Frequency after VL | 10–20 % | 50–60 % |
Infective to sand flies | yes | yes |
Transmission of VL | anthroponotic | anthroponotic and zoonotic |
Interval after VL | 0–3 years, or morea | 0–13 months |
Self-cure | yes, probably | yes |
Occurs without previous VL | yes | yes |
Occurs with VL simultaneouslyb | yes | yes |
Occurs with mucosal involvement | yes | yes |
Treatment policy | all are treated | chronic >Â 6Â months or severe PKDL are treated |
Treatment | miltefosine | SSG or AmBisome |
Marker for cure | clinical | clinical |