Fig. 4

XA treatment and altered cultivation conditions. The effect of XA (xanthurenic acid) treatment and altered cultivation conditions on the relative expression of bdccp genes (a) and corresponding parasitemia levels (b) of B. divergens clone 2210A G2 culture. (a): untreated culture cultivated at 37 °C, 5 % CO₂; (b): untreated culture cultivated at 28 °C, air; (c): XA treated culture cultivated at 37 °C, 5 % CO₂; (d): XA treated culture cultivated at 28 °C, air. Gene expression was normalized using the gapdh reference gene. The results represent means of three independent biological replicates, where the highest expression in the individual replicate of untreated culture (a) was set at 100 % and all other values were expressed relative to this. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (compared to the untreated culture). Error bars indicate SD