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Table 1 Pooled prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes

From: The geographical distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the European Union and adjacent countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Country

No. of studies included

Pooled prevalence (%)

95 % CI (%)

Time range of studies (years)

Reference

Austria

13

8.0

2.0–17.0

1989–2000

[37–43]

6.5

4.3–9.1

2000–2005

[44]

Belgium

17

13.5

3.6–28.4

1993–2000

[45–49]

8.0

3.0–16.0

2000–2012

[24, 49–55]

Croatia

3

2.3

1.1–15.6

2013–2016

[24; Relja Beck, personal communication]

Czech Republic

10

12.7

6.1–21.2

1994–1999

[78–83]

16.0

4.0–35.0

2005–2010

[30, 31, 40]

Denmark

6

0.5

0.2–0.8

2000–2013

[24, 25, 27, 39]

Estonia

4

24.5

13.0–38.2

2003–2014

[84–86]

Finland

8

0

0

2000–2013

[32, 45, 199]

France

72

23

16.0–30.0

1968–2000

[87–96]

13.9

9.8–18.6

2000–2010

[30, 31, 40, 97–104]

Germany

303

13.8

12.3–15.3

1973–2000

[39, 41, 105–143]

29.2

26.0–32.4

2000–2012

[24, 30, 31, 40, 109, 117, 131, 144–151]

Hungary

42

8.0

5.6–10.7

2008–2013

[24, 56–59]

Ireland

9

0

0

2003–2013

[31, 199–201]

Italy

26

0.55a

na

1997–2000

[60]

1.5

0.5–2.9

2000–2012

[24, 60–66]

Latvia

14

36.8

22.2–52.9

2002–2008

[152]

Lithuania

2

58.0

54.0–62.0

2001–2006

[153, 154]

Luxembourg

9

16.7

9.4–25.6

2005–2012

[24, 30, 31, 40]

Netherlands

14

4.0

2.0–6.0

1995–2000

[67–69]

4.7

1.9–9.0

2000–2013

[30, 31, 40, 49, 54, 67–72]

Poland

69

2.0

1.3–3.0

1994–2000

[155–160]

14.8

9.6–20.8

2000–2014

[161–171]

Romania

32

0

0

1981–1992

[73]

4.5

2.9–6.4

2000–2010

[74, 75]

Slovakia

3

23

12.3–15.3

1998–1999

[260]

64

27.3

24.4–30.3

2000–2013

[24, 28, 31, 40, 164, 172–184]

Slovenia

2

0.9

0.2–5.3

2002–2005

[28, 29]

Spain

1

0a

na

2012

[24]

Sweden

10

0.2

0.1–0.3

2000–2012

[24, 30–36]

United Kingdom

8

0

0

2000–2014

[24, 160, 199, 200, 202]

Liechtenstein

1

34.9a

na

1990–1992

[70]

Norway

29

0

0

2000–2014

[24, 31, 32, 203–206]

Switzerland

59

26.8

23.0–30.7

1988–2000

[39, 185–191]

17.0

6.1–31.9

2000–2003

[24, 30, 40, 192–198]

Ukraine

4

2.8

0.1–9.0

2000–2010

[76, 77]

  1. (a) Prevalence estimate from only one study, not pooled prevalence
  2. Abbreviations: na, not applicable