The geographical distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the European Union and adjacent countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Pooled prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in arvicolids, muskrat, nutria, swine (domestic and wild), insectivores and murids

Country	Host	No. of studies included	Pooled prevalence (%)	95 % CI (%)	Time range of studies (years)	Reference
Belgium	Arvicolids	4	0.2	0.0–0.6	2003–2004	[24]
	Muskrat	2	16.0	7.0–28.0	2003–2006	[24, 232]
	Insectivores	1	0^a	na	2003–2004	[24]
	Murids	1	0^a	na	2003–2004	[24]
Czech Republic	Arvicolids	4	1.3	0.1–3.7	1997	[79]
	Insectivores	4	0	0	1997	[79]
	Murids	4	0	0	1997	[79]
Finland	Arvicolids	3	0	0	2000–2012	[24, 32]
Finland	Swine	2	0	0	2000–2009	[32]
France	Arvicolids	36	4.8	1.6–9.7	1975–1995	[93, 95, 101, 242–249, 255, 257]
	Murids	5	0.97	0.7–1.3	1979–1985	[95, 101, 242, 246, 256]
	Muskrat	2	1.1	0.2–2.8	1985–2010	[233, 234]
	Nutria	1	5.8^a	na	2002–2003	[233]
	Insectivores	1	0^a	na	1999–2000	[101]
Germany	Arvicolids	6	0.6	0.4–1.0	1979–1995	[121, 141, 250]
	Muskrat	51	3.8	2.8–4.9	1974–2003	[113, 121, 136, 231, 235–237, 240–241]
	Nutria	1	0.4^a	na	2010	[231]
	Murids	1	0^a	na	1979–1986	[250]
	Swine	1	5.3^a	na	2004	[259]
Lithuania	Swine	1	0.4^a	na	2005–2006	[220]
Luxembourg	Muskrat	1	1.8^a	na	nr	[238]
Netherlands	Muskrat	1	0.06^a	na	1998–1999	[239]
Poland	Arvicolids	6	0	0	2004–2006	[251]
	Insectivores	4	0	0	2004–2006	[251]
	Murids	9	0	0	nr	[168, 169, 251]
Romania	Arvicolids	1	1.4^a	na	1989–2010	[262]
Romania	Swine	2	0	0	1989	[73]
Sweden	Swine	6	0^a	na	2000–2009	[32]
Norway	Arvicolids	5	27.0	18.0–37.0	1999–2009	[30, 39, 207, 209]
Norway	Swine	1	0^a	na	2000–2009	[32]
Switzerland	Arvicolids	26	13.3	10.8–16.1	1993–2008	[187, 189–191, 223, 224, 252–254]
	Murids	3	0	0	1999–2002	[224, 229, 253]
	Swine	1	10^a	na	nr	[258]

ISSN: 1756-3305