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Table 2 Parameterisation for vector-borne disease models

From: How do biting disease vectors behaviourally respond to host availability?

 

Definition

Plasmodium falciparum

Trypanosoma cruzi

Borrelia burgdorferi

b i

Transmission coefficient (vectors→hosts) = bite rate x transmission probability

0.1 = 1/3 × 0.3 (humans) [42]; 0 (non-humans)

2 × 10-5 = ¼ × 8 × 10-5 (humans) [43, 44]; 2.5 × 10-4 = ¼ × 0.001 (non-humans) [45]

\( 0.003=\frac{1}{365}\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em 1.0\ \left(\mathrm{humans}\ \mathrm{and}\ \mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\hbox{-} \mathrm{humans}\right) \) [46]

b Vi

Transmission coefficient (hosts→vectors) = bite rate x transmission probability

\( 0.007=\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em 0.02\kern0.5em \left(\mathrm{humans}\right) \) [47]; \( 0\kern0.5em \left(\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}{\textstyle \hbox{-}}\mathrm{humans}\right) \)

0.015 = ½ × 0.03 (humans); 0.25 = ½ × 0.49 (non-humans) [48]

\( 0\ \left(\mathrm{humans}\right); \) \( 0.003\kern0.5em =\kern0.5em \frac{1}{365}\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em 1.0\ \left(\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\hbox{-} \mathrm{humans}\right) \) [46]

γ

Recovery rate (no immunity)

0 (humans and non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

1/28 (humans)a; 0 (non-humans) [31]

ε

Clearance rate of symptomatic infection

1/200 (humans) [49]; 0 (non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

κ

Clearance rate of asymptomatic infection

1/200 (humans) [49]; 0 (non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

Ï€

Asymptomatic primary infection rate

0 (humans and non-humans)

1/40 (humans and non-humans) [50, 51]

0 (humans); 1/28 (non-humans) [31]

θ

Asymptomatic secondary infection rate

0.5 (assumed for humans); 0 (non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

Ï„

Full susceptibility reversion rate

1/1000 (humans) [52]; 0 (non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

0 (humans and non-humans)

μ

Birth (or maturation) and death rate of vectors (i.e. stable population)

1/10 [53]

1/365 [54]

1/365 [55]

σ

Adjustment factor for asymptomatic transmissibility to vector

0.25 (humans) [56]; 0 (non-humans)

≈0 humans [30];

≈1 non-humans [57]b

0 (humans);

≈1 (non-humans)

ζ

Rate of parasite development within vector

1/10 [58]

1/10 [59]

1/365 [60]c

  1. aClassically, Lyme disease infection dynamics are of an SIS form whereby the pathogen is assumed to be cleared by the host’s immune system. However, Nadelman & Wormser [31] review several studies demonstrating that an SIA form is more appropriate for non-human hosts
  2. bA longitudinal study of domestic dogs (a principal Chagas disease reservoir) demonstrated persistent infectiousness but it was unclear whether this was a result of repeat infections
  3. cParasite development is assumed to correspond with the developmental delays between life stages of the tick (whereby the tick will take its blood-meal from a different host species)