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Table 7 Predictors for the presence of multiple infections across all extension study sentinel sites in Burundi combined with the data obtained by a mapping survey in 2014 from 14 of the 19 extension schools. Only data from infected pupils (n = 5,027 observations) was included. Results are from a binomial mixed model. Age and the egg counts for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura in epg had been mean-centred and divided by the estimates of their standard deviations. The pseudo-R 2 values for this model were pseudo R 2 MF = 0.186; R 2 marg. = 0.300; R 2 cond. = 0.402

From: The impact of an 8-year mass drug administration programme on prevalence, intensity and co-infections of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Burundi

Fixed effects

Category

Parameter

Adjusted odds ratio (CI)

P

(Intercept)

-2.06 (0.2)

0.13 (0.09–0.19)

< 0.001

Year

2009

-0.8 (0.11)

0.45 (0.36–0.56)

< 0.001

 

2011

-0.53 (0.11)

0.59 (0.47–0.73)

< 0.001

 

2014

-1.27 (0.4)

0.28 (0.13–0.62)

0.002

Age

 

-0.01 (0.046)

0.99 (0.9–1.08)

0.788

Sex (male)

 

0.11 (0.089)

1.12 (0.94–1.33)

0.198

Ascaris (epg)

0.22 (0.055)

1.24 (1.12–1.39)

< 0.001

Hookworm (epg)

0.41 (0.075)

1.5 (1.3–1.74)

< 0.001

Trichuris (epg)

1.14 (0.084)

3.12 (2.65–3.68)

< 0.001

Random effects

 

Variance

SD

P

Pupil (Intercept)

0

0

1

School (Intercept)

0.56

0.75