A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation

Alvarado-Rybak, Mario; Solano-Gallego, Laia; Millán, Javier

doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1808-7

Table 3 Reported body of evidence of Babesia spp. and Cytauxzoon spp. isolates in ticks found on wild carnivores

From: A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation

Host from which ticks were retrieved	Reported prevalences		Targeted agent	Tick species	Region/Country	Reference
Host from which ticks were retrieved	% (positive/n)	Technique	Targeted agent	Tick species	Region/Country	Reference
Canidae
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)	1/3 adults	PCR	B. microti-like^a	Ixodes hexagonus	Burgos, Spain	[81]
	0/2 nymphs	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes hexagonus	Burgos, Spain	[81]
	(8/870)	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes ricinus	Thuringia, Germany	[60]
	(19/585)	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes canisuga	Thuringia, Germany	[60]
	(13/485)	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes hexagonus	Thuringia, Germany	[60]
	(4/870)	PCR	B. microti isolate	Ixodes ricinus	Thuringia, Germany	[60]
	(1/585)	PCR	B. microti isolate	Ixodes canisuga	Thuringia, Germany	[60]
	(1/485)	PCR	B. microti isolate	Ixodes hexagonus	Thuringia, Germany	[60]
	1 pool of 20 ticks	PCR	B. microti-like and B. vogeli	Rhipicephalus turanicus	Catalonia, Spain	[83]
Ursidae
Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis)	0/1	PCR	Cytauxzoon sp.	Ixodes ovatus	Hokkaido, Japan	[79]
Mephitidae
Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)	19.4 (6/31)	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes scapularis	New York, USA	[82]
Procyonidae
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)	23.5 (93/396)	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes scapularis	New York, USA	[82]
Felidae
Bobcat (Lynx rufus)	na	D	Cytauxzoon sp.	Dermacentor variabilis	Oklahoma, USA	[86]
Lion (Pathera leo)	na	PCR	Babesia sp.	Stomoxys sp.	Ngorongoro	[93]
Mustelidae
Stone marten (Martes foina)	1 pool of 12 ticks	PCR	B. vogeli	Rhipicephalus turanicus	Catalonia, Spain	[83]
Eurasian badger (Meles meles)	1 pool of 18 nymphs	PCR	B. microti-like	Ixodes canisuga	Catalonia, Spain	[83]
Viverridae
Common genet (Genetta genetta)	1 pool of 3 ticks	PCR	Babesia sp.	Ixodes ventalloi	Catalonia, Spain	[83]

^aWe used the name Babesia microti-like for all isolates belonging to the B. microti group and reported by their authors as B. microti-like, "T. annae", "B. annae" or "B. vulpes"
Abbreviations: D direct examination of smear, PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction

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