Fig. 4

The in vitro miltefosine resistance demonstrated in clinical isolates using J774-A1 cell line. a Uninfected J774-A1 macrophages. b Macrophages cells infected with DD8 strain but untreated with miltefosine showing amastigotes within macrophages. c Miltefosine-treated DD8 infected macrophages showing clearance of amastigotes. d Macrophage cells infected with the clinical isolate but untreated with miltefosine and showing amastigotes within macrophages. e Macrophages infected with clinical isolate and treated with miltefosine showing no effect on the clearance of amastigotes. Giemsa stained macrophages cells were photographed at 1000× magnification using a light microscope