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Table 3 Proteases from ticks

From: Proteases of haematophagous arthropod vectors are involved in blood-feeding, yolk formation and immunity - a review

Protease

Species

Synthetic/Natural substrate

Inhibitor

Localization

Role

Reference

Cysteine

Cathepsin L

IrCL 1

Ixodes ricinus

Z-Phe-Arg-AMC

E-64; Z-Phe-Phe-DMK

Gut

Digestion

[67]

HlCPL-A

Haemaphysalis longicornis

Z-Phe-Arg-AMC

Leupeptin; Antipain; E-64

Gut

Digestion

[69]

HLCG-A; HLCG-B

H. longicornis

Digestion

[70]

BmCL 1

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

H-D-Val-Phe-Lys-pNA; Hb

E-64; Leupeptin; Antipain

Gut

Digestion; yolk formation

[72, 73]

RmLCE

R. (B.) microplus

AbzAla-Ile-Ala-Phe-Phe-Ser-Arg-Gln-EDDnp; N-Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC; Hb

E-64; Pepstatin A; Papain

Larve; gut

Digestion; yolk formation

[72, 74]

VTDCE

R. (B.) microplus

N-Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC; Hb

E-64

Salivary glands; gut; haemolymph; fat body; ovary; eggs

Yolk formation; immunity; digestion

[76, 77]

Cathepsin B

IrCB

I. ricinus

Gut

Digestion

[44, 66]

Longipain

H. longicornis

Z-Phe-Arg-AMC

E-64

Gut

Immunity

[80]

Cathepsin C

IrCC

I. ricinus

Hb

Salivary glands; gut; ovary

Digestion

[44, 66]

Legumain

IrAE

I. ricinus

Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC

Azapeptidil

Gut

Digestion

[68]

H1Lgm 1; H1Lgm 2

H. longicornis

Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC

Iodoacetamide; N- ethylmaleimide

Gut

Haematophagy; digestion; yolk formation

[8183]

Aspartic

Cathepsin D

IrCD1

I. ricinus

Hb

Pepstatin

Gut female

Digestion

[85]

IrCD2

I. ricinus

Gut; salivary glands

Digestion

[85]

IrCD3

I. ricinus

Ovaries

Yolk formation

[85]

BYC

R. (B.) microplus

Hb; Vitellin

Eggs

Yolk formation

[86, 87]

THAP

R. (B.) microplus

Abz-AIAFFSRQ-EDDnp

Pepstatin

Eggs

Yolk formation

[88]

BmAP

R. (B.) microplus

Gut

Immunity

[89]

Longepsin

H. longicornis

FITC-casein

Pepstatin A

Salivary glands; gut

Digestion

[90]

Serine

Trypsin-like

IrFC

I. ricinus

Hemocytes

Immunity

[91]

HLSG1; HLSG2

H. longicornis

Bz-I-Arg-pNa; BSA

 

Salivary glands; gut

Haematophagy; digestion

[93]

HlSP; HlSP 2; HlSP 3

H. longicornis

Bz-I-Arg-pNa; BSA

Gut

Digestion

[94, 95, 97]

Carboxypeptidase-like

HlSCP1

H. longicornis

Z-Phe-Leu; Pyr-Phe-Leu-pNA

PMSF

Gut

Digestion

[98]

Metallo

Is-degradome

Ixodes scapularis

Digestion

[99]

Dv-coding sequences

Dermacentor variabilis

Gut

Digestion

[100]

Hf-coding sequences

Haemaphysalis flava

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[102]

Aa-sequences

Amblyomma americanum

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[104]

Metis 1; Metis 2

I. ricinus

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[106]

M12

AAP22067

I. scapularis

Gelatin

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[19]

M17

HlLAP

H. longicornis

Gut

Digestion

[101]

Reproplysin

HLMP1

H. longicornis

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[107]

Ip-MPs

Ixodes persulcatus

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[108]

Rs-MPs

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[108]

BrRm-MPs

R. (B.) microplus

Salivary glands

Haematophagy

[108]