Fig. 5

Relationship between bat fly sex and infection with Laboulbeniales. In all three bat fly species with Laboulbeniales, female infected bat flies are more frequently (or the only ones) encountered. Of 5 infected Nycteribia schmidlii flies (n = 159), 4 were female. Of 38 infected Penicillidia conspicua flies (n = 152), 31 were female. And both infected Penicillidia dufourii flies (n = 102) were female