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Table 1 Echocardiographic parameters measured in the present study

From: Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension and clinical status in dogs with heartworm by Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility Index and other echocardiographic parameters

 

Microfilaremia

Parasite burden

Sex

Origin

Presence/Absence PH

 

Amicrofilaremic

Microfilaremic

High burden

Low burden

Male

Female

Client-owned

Shelter

RPAD Index ≥ 36%

RPAD Index ≤ 35%

RPAD Index 28–35%

RPAD Index 23–27%

RPAD Index ≤ 22%

n

41

52

18

75

42

51

62

31

26

62

33

17

12

AT (ms)

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02 c

0.09 ± 0.02 c

0.08 ± 0.02

0.08 ± 0.02

0.07 ± 0.02

0.09 ± 0.02

0.07 ± 0.02

ET (ms)

0.21 ± 0.04

0.22 ± 0.11

0.23 ± 0.05

0.21 ± 0.09

0.22 ± 0.12

0.21 ± 0.05

0.21 ± 0.10 c

0.22 ± 0.03 c

0.23 ± 0.15

0.21 ± 0.05

0.20 ± 0.03

0.22 ± 0.05

0.21 ± 0.08

AT/ET

0.40 ± 0.10

0.37 ± 0.11

0.37 ± 0.11

0.39 ± 0.11

0.40 ± 0.11

0.38 ± 0.11

0.38 ± 0.12

0.39 ± 0.08

0.40 ± 0.09

0.38 ± 0.12

0.37 ± 0.08

0.41 ± 0.14

0.38 ± 0.17

PAVmax

0.80 ± 0.17

0.90 ± 0.31

0.87 ± 0.29

0.82 ± 0.20

0.85 ± 0.20

0.84 ± 0.28

0.85 ± 0.13

0.83 ± 0.22

0.89 ± 0.23

0.83 ± 0.26

0.82 ± 0.19

0.85 ± 0.18

0.84 ± 0.47

PA/Ao

1.02 ± 0.13

1.02 ± 0.15

1.03 ± 0.15a

1.01 ± 0.13a

1.02 ± 0.17

1.03 ± 0.12

1.01 ± 0.13

1.05 ± 0.17

0.97 ± 0.09 d

1.05 ± 0.15 d

1.03 ± 0.12

1.06 ± 0.17

1.09 ± 0.21

LAV (cm)

7.68 ± 5.79

7.60 ± 5.95

7.85 ± 5.58

7.89 ± 5.90

8.54 ± 5.44

7.17 ± 5.79

7.50 ± 5.56

8.28 ± 5.85

6.98 ± 5.45

8.00 ± 5.68

8.76 ± 6.70

6.30 ± 2.46

8.61 ± 6.13

RAV (cm)

6.16 ± 4.53

5.59 ± 3.64

5.80 ± 3.45

5.86 ± 3.86

6.13 ± 3.60

5.82 ± 4.22

5.83 ± 4.10

6.20 ± 3.68

4.69 ± 3.22

6.43 ± 4.17

6.50 ± 4.07

6.03 ± 3.57

6.91 ± 5.57

LAA (cm2)

4.69 ± 2.19

4.33 ± 2.25

4.53 ± 2.10

4.75 ± 2.21

5.20 ± 1.94 b

4.13 ± 2.18 b

4.52 ± 2.17

4.74 ± 2.09

4.44 ± 2.23

4.63 ± 2.09

4.93 ± 2.37

4.42 ± 0.97

4.10 ± 2.58

RAA (cm2)

4.33 ± 2.23

4.02 ± 2.28

4.09 ± 2.08

4.20 ± 2.24

4.40 ± 1.70

4.04 ± 2.43

4.27 ± 2.39

4.07 ± 1.62

3.69 ± 1.91

4.42 ± 2.25

4.54 ± 2.52

4.34 ± 1.84

4.22 ± 2.25

FS (%)

39.69 ± 10.64

40.80 ± 7.09

39.85 ± 7.56

39.69 ± 9.26

39.98 ± 9.82

39.61 ± 8.37

39.84 ± 9.13

39.67 ± 8.92

38.13 ± 7.29

40.73 ± 9.71

38.5 ± 7.57

42.73 ± 13.41

44.22 ± 8.27

EF (%)

68.96 ± 12.98

72.37 ± 8.35

71.05 ± 8.86

69.77 ± 11.22

69.64 ± 11.49

70.53 ± 10.43

70.11 ± 10.85

70.14 ± 11.12

69.06 ± 9.11

70.83 ± 11.70

68.84 ± 9.38

70.98 ± 16.52

76.09 ± 8.74

RVIDD (cm)

1.03 ± 0.53

0.92 ± 0.42

0.93 ± 0.43

0.96 ± 0.46

0.85 ± 0.39 b

1.07 ± 0.51 b

0.94 ± 0.49

1.04 ± 0.45

0.91 ± 0.42

1.02 ± 0.50

0.98 ± 0.49

1.09 ± 0.40

1.06 ± 0.65

LVIDD (cm)

2.84 ± 0.87

2.99 ± 0.80

3.00 ± 0.75

3.00 ± 0.79

3.14 ± 0.82 b

2.76 ± 0.76 b

2.91 ± 0.82

2.98 ± 0.8

2.79 ± 0.80

2.99 ± 0.81

3.00 ± 0.86

2.96 ± 0.65

3.01 ± 0.92

RVIDD/LVIDD

0.40 ± 0.30

0.33 ± 0.18

0.33 ± 0.17

0.34 ± 0.17

0.30 ± 0.17 b

0.42 ± 0.27 b

0.36 ± 0.27

0.37 ± 0.17

0.35 ± 0.18

0.37 ± 0.27

0.35 ± 0.19

0.38 ± 0.15

0.44 ± 0.50

RVWT (cm)

0.60 ± 0.15

0.57 ± 0.20

0.55 ± 0.19

0.56 ± 0.17

0.56 ± 0.16

0.59 ± 0.18

0.57 ± 0.18

0.59 ± 0.16

0.56 ± 0.15

0.58 ± 0.18

0.57 ± 0.18

0.61 ± 0.16

0.56 ± 0.23

LVPWT (cm)

0.87 ± 0.23

0.85 ± 0.23

0.85 ± 0.24

0.87 ± 0.24

0.86 ± 0.25

0.86 ± 0.22

0.88 ± 0.26

0.82 ± 0.18

0.82 ± 0.23

0.88 ± 0.24

0.89 ± 0.22

0.82 ± 0.21

0.92 ± 0.33

RVWT/LVPWT

0.72 ± 0.20

0.68 ± 0.21

0.66 ± 0.20

0.67 ± 0.21

0.68 ± 0.21

0.69 ± 0.20

0.67 ± 0.22

0.72 ± 0.16

0.72 ± 0.21

0.68 ± 0.20

0.66 ± 0.19

0.76 ± 0.19

0.66 ± 0.22

TAPSE (cm)

1.34 ± 0.38

1.39 ± 0.32

1.36 ± 0.30

1.35 ± 0.33

1.35 ± 0.34

1.36 ± 0.33

1.38 ± 0.36

1.29 ± 0.26

1.43 ± 0.36

1.32 ± 0.32

1.34 ± 0.36

1.35 ± 0.24

1.23 ± 0.27

RPAD Index (%)

32.77 ± 8.67

32.42 ± 10.22

32.96 ± 12.2

32.73 ± 8.85

32.67 ± 9.50

32.51 ± 9.62

32.48 ± 9.54

32.77 ± 9.64

43.58 ± 6.58d

27.97 ± 6.19d

32.71 ± 2.19d

25.87 ± 1.42d

17.89 ± 3.21d

  1. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) compared by parasite burden (a), sex (b), origin (c) and presence/absence of pulmonary hypertension (d)
  2. Abbreviations: AT pulmonary artery flow acceleration time, ET pulmonary artery flow ejection time, PAVmax maximum velocity of the blood flow through pulmonary artery, PA/Ao main pulmonary artery/aorta ratio, LAV left atrial volume, RAV right atrial volume, LAA left atrial area, RAA right atrial area, FS fractional shortening, EF ejection fraction, RVIDD right ventricular internal diameter in telediastole, LVIDD left ventricular internal diameter in telediastole, RVWT right ventricular wall thickness, LVPWT left ventricular posterior wall thickness, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RPAD Index Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility Index, PH pulmonary hypertension