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Table 5 Incidence rate ratios, IRR (95% confidence intervals) by univariate analysis of Ae. aegypti pupae per container in relation to socio-demographic and household water management in a suburban and a rural village in Laos and Thailand

From: Effects of socio-demographic characteristics and household water management on Aedes aegypti production in suburban and rural villages in Laos and Thailand

 

Laos

Thailand

Suburban

Rural

Suburban

Rural

No. of containers

139

 

64

 

171

 

179

 

Socio-demography

 Education level

≤ Primary school

64

1

63

1

115

1

161

1

> Primary school

75

1.3 (0.6–2.6)

1

na

56

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

18

4.1 (1.4–12.2)**

 Occupation

Agriculture

82

1

64

1

35

1

168

1

Commercial

11

2.9 (1.0–8.8)*

0

na

34

2.1 (0.8–5.1)

3

na

Service

25

1.3 (0.5–3.3)

0

na

13

0.2 (0.1–0.8)*

3

na

Othera

21

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

0

na

89

2.8 (1.2–6.3)*

5

na

 Wealth status

Poor

41

1

54

1

8

1

19

1

Intermediate

68

0.8 (0.4–1.8)

9

na

64

1.5 (0.3–8.6)

101

5.2 (1.8–15.2)**

Rich

30

1.7 (0.7–4.2)

1

na

99

0.6 (0.1–3.5)

59

4.8 (1.7–13.6)**

Household water management

Container type and location

 Jar

No

62

1

15

1

102

1

79

1

Yes

77

0.9 (0.5–1.9)

49

0.2 (0.1–0.5)**

69

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

100

0.7 (0.3–1.5)

 Tank

No

98

1

58

1

86

1

105

1

Yes

41

1.2 (0.6–2.5)

6

6.3 (2.0–19.9)**

85

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

74

1.5 (0.7–3.1)

 Bucket

No

129

1

57

1

154

1

174

1

Yes

10

0.4 (0.1–2.5)

7

na

17

0.8 (0.2–2.9)

5

0.2 (0.0–1.9)

 Container location

Indoor

15

1

26

1

44

1

56

1

Outdoor

79

0.8 (0.3–2.1)

29

2.5 (0.8–7.4)

20

5.9 (1.8–19.9)**

35

0.2 (0.1–0.8)*

Toilet/bathroom

45

1.1 (0.4–2.8)

9

12.8 (3.4–48.6)**

107

2.7 (1.3–5.6)**

88

0.6 (0.2–1.4)

Water source, cleaning and lids

 Rain-fed

No

102

1

21

1

156

1

167

1

Yes

37

0.7 (0.3–1.8)

43

0.3 (0.1–0.9)*

15

na

12

0.7 (0.1–4.3)

 Manually collected rain

No

136

1

60

1

165

1

145

1

Yes

3

0.5 (0.1–3.1)

4

na

6

0.1 (0.0–0.5)**

34

1.2 (0.3–3.9)

 Piped water

No

0

 

0

 

26

1

48

1

Yes

0

 

0

 

145

na

131

1.2 (0.5–3.2)

 Borehole

No

41

1

47

1

0

 

0

 

Yes

98

1.8 (0.8–4.2)

17

3.6 (1.2–11.1)*

0

 

0

 

 Frequency of container cleaning

≤ Weekly

96

1

59

1

71

1

60

1

> Weekly-monthly

42

0.8 (0.4–1.7)

4

na

92

4.2 (2.1–8.2)**

111

3.5 (1.6–7.4)**

> Monthly-yearly

1

0.5 (0.0–14.7)

1

na

8

0.7 (0.2–3.3)

8

2.4 (0.3–18.6)

 Lid status

Without lid

107

1

48

1

142

1

134

1

With lid

32

0.4 (0.1–1.1)

16

0.3 (0.1–1.8)

29

0.1 (0.0–0.3)**

45

0.9 (0.3–2.9)

 Temephos present in container

No

108

1

60

1

171

1

177

1

Yes

3

0.9 (0.4–1.8)

4

2.6 (0.3–21.5)

0

na

2

2.2 (0.1–56.2)

  1. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01
  2. aRetired, unemployed and student
  3. Abbreviation: na not applicable