Plant | Major repellent compounds | Mode of testing | Repellency efficacy | Study type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conyza newii | Perillyl alcohol, perillaldehyde, geraniol | Topical application | 100% protection | Laboratory study | [55] |
Mkilua fragrans | Linalool, camphor, 4-isopropylbenzenemethanol, carvone, caryophyllene oxide | Topical application | RC50 9.21 × 10-5 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [125] |
Endostemon tereticaulis | Terpene-4-ol, fenchone, γ-terpinene, terpinolene | Topical application | RC50 1.52 × 10-5 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [125] |
Ocimum fischeri | Eugenol, terpinolene, β-myrcene | Topical application | RC50 0.67 × 10-5 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [125] |
Ocimum forskolei | Fenchone, camphor,α-pinene, β-myrcene | Topical application | RC50 1 × 10-5 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [125] |
Plectranthus longipes | Carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, terpene-4-ol, β-myrcene, γ-terpinene, α-terpinene | Topical application | RC50 1.93 × 10-5 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [125] |
Croton pseudopulchellus | Linalool, caryophyllene oxide,γ-terpinene, 1-methylpyrrole | Topical application | RC50 3.74 × 10-5 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [125] |
Nepeta cataria | Caryophyllene, nepetalactone | Topical application | RC50 0.081-0.091 mg cm-2 | Laboratory study | [105] |
Lantana camara | Caryophyllene | Direct burning | 27.22–43% protection | Field study | [132] |
Thymus vulgaris | α-terpinene, thymol, linalool, geraniol, carvacrol, p-cymene | Topical application | > 80% protection | Laboratory study | [141] |
Azadirachta indica | Azadirachtin, saponins | Direct burning | 25–94% protection | Field study | [132] |
Corymbia citriodora | p-menthane-3,8-diol, citronella, citronellol, geraniol, limonene, isopulegol, δ-pinene | Topical application | 48–100% protection | Field study | [139] |
Plectranthus marrubioides | Camphor, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene,aterpenene, fenchone, isocaryophyllene | Topical application | 100% protection | Laboratory study | [55] |
Tarchonanthum camphoratus | Camphene, α-pinene, α-fenchyl alcohol, 1,8-cineole, α-terpeneol, p-cymene | Topical application | 99% protection | Laboratory study | [55] |
Tetradenia riparia | Fenchone, limonene, 1,8-cineole | Topical application | 80% protection | Laboratory study | [55] |
Lippia ukambensis | Myrcene, linalool, α-pinene, eucalyptol, camphor, camphene, 1,8-cineole | Topical application | 84% protection | Laboratory study | [55] |
Lippia javanica | Allopurinol, camphor, limonene, verbenone, α-terpeneol, limonene oxide, cis-verbenol, linanool, α-terpeneol | Topical application | 90% protection | Laboratory study | [55] |
Tagetes minuta | Ocimene, dihydrotagetone, tagetones, ocimenones, piperitenone, 3,9-epoxy-p-metha-1,8(10)diene, β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, AR-turmerone | Topical application | > 80% protection | Laboratory and semi-field studies | [142] |