Fig. 3
Bivariate Ripley’s K function analysis comparing the spatial distribution of two children groups who presented malaria cases, younger and older than 3 years old: a P. falciparum incidence during the two-year follow-up, b P. vivax incidence during the two-year follow-up. The blue line represents the expected difference of K function values (Kinfected-Knoninfected) between children groups under the null hypothesis of spatial independence, the solid black line represents the observed difference K function, dashed red lines represents the confidence envelopes for expected K-function values calculated from 999 simulations