Benchmarking insecticide resistance intensity bioassays for Anopheles malaria vector species against resistance phenotypes of known epidemiological significance

Table 1 Anopheles spp. laboratory strains by species, origin, date of establishment, insecticide resistance profile and known resistance

Anopheles spp.	Laboratory strain	Origin and date of culture establishment	Resistance profile	Known resistance mechanisms
An. funestus	FUMOZ BASE & FUMOZ-R^a	Southern Mozambique (2000)	Pyrethroids; carbamates	Monooxygenase P450s; glutathione S-transferase (secondary); thickened cuticles (secondary) [13, 23–27]
An. funestus	ZAMF^b	Nchelenge, Zambia (2016)	Pyrethroids; carbamates	Monooxygenase; P450s [28]
An. arabiensis	SENN DDT	Sennar, Sudan (1980)	Pyrethroids; DDT; organophosphates	Monooxygenase; P450s; glutathione S-transferase; general esterases; L1014F kdr [46, 47]
	MBN DDT	Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2002)	Pyrethroids; DDT	Monooxygenase; P450s [34, 47, 48]
	KZN^b	Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2016)	Pyrethroids; DDT	Monooxygenase; P450s [34, 47, 48]
An. gambiae	TONGS	Tongon mine, Cote d’Ivoire (2010)	Pyrethroids; DDT; organophosphates; carbamates	Unknown

^aFUMOZ-R was intensively selected for pyrethroid resistance from FUMOZ BASE
^bAll ZAMF and KZN samples used in the resistance intensity experiments were the F1 progeny of wild-caught females

ISSN: 1756-3305