Table 2 Cumulative tick burden, prevalence and median tick burden in ruminants on livestock farms in the context of agro-ecological zones and districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan. Prevalence (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37–0.98, P = 0.037) and tick burden (W = 10,650, P = 0.002) were significantly different between the agro-ecological zones
AEZ Districts | NAI/NAO/NTC | Animal species (NAI/NAO) | Tick burden per animala | Prevalence in % (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buffalo | Cattle | Goat | Sheep | ||||
Semi-arid | 100/139/976 | 42/62 | 47/56 | 10/18 | 1/3 | 36 (14–66) | 72 (64–79) |
ATK | 30/43/290 | 10/17 | 16/17 | 04/08 | 0/1 | 24 (11–71) | 70 (54–83) |
GJW | 32/47/328 | 16/21 | 12/19 | 04/06 | 0/1 | 34 (12–63) | 68 (33–81) |
KSR | 38/49/358 | 16/24 | 19/20 | 02/04 | 1/1 | 37 (27–73) | 78 (63–88) |
Arid | 269/332/2,831 | 116/132 | 114/123 | 38/62 | 1/15 | 46 (30–67) | 81 (76–85) |
OKR | 39/55/505 | 22/24 | 17/17 | 00/06 | 0/8 | 41 (32–54) | 71 (57–82) |
KNW | 46/51/499 | 20/22 | 22/23 | 04/06 | 0/0 | 48 (29–86) | 90 (78–97) |
MTNb | 45/51/646 | 18/20 | 23/24 | 04/07 | 0/0 | 82 (56–110) | 88 (76–96) |
VHR | 45/58/411 | 14/20 | 20/22 | 10/12 | 1/4 | 43 (25–63) | 78 (65–87) |
BWP | 48/57/352 | 20/22 | 17/20 | 11/15 | 0 | 34 (27–48) | 84 (72–92) |
RYK | 46/60/418 | 22/24 | 15/17 | 9/16 | 0/3 | 42 (28–57) | 77 (64–87) |
Total | 369/471/3,807 | 158/194 | 161/179 | 48/80 | 2/18 | 43 (27–67) | 78 (74–82) |