Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan

Table 3 Effect of host characteristics on tick burden in livestock

Variable	Statistics	Buffalo	Cattle	Goat	Sheep	Overall
Age	P-value	0.02	< 0.001	0.6806	0.988	< 0.001
Age	Spearman’s rho	0.167	0.27	-0.047	-0.003	0.215
Gender	P-value	0.002	< 0.001	0.014	0.04	< 0.001
	95% CI	3.00–22.99	7.99–33.00	< 0.01–10.69	< 0.01–10.7	10.99–24.99
	Wilcoxon-statistic	4,643	4,599	1,047	48	32,772
Breed	P-value	0.204	< 0.001	0.628	0.935	na
	95% CI	-18.99–1.99	na	-6.0–1.99	< -0.01–0.02	na
	Wilcoxon-statistic	2,284	55.42^a	640	40.5	na

ISSN: 1756-3305