Fig. 1

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized by common markers. Erythrocytes and EVs were lysed with RIPA buffer. Each lane was loaded with 20 μg of protein sample, as assessed by a Bradford assay, subjected to non-denatured (a) or SDS PAGE (b, c), transferred to polyvinyl membranes and probed with antibodies against CD63 (a), PfMSP1 (b) and Glycophorin A (c). CD63 specific primary antibodies were used at 1:1000 dilution and a secondary Goat anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugated antibody (System Bioscience) was used at 1:20,000 dilution. MSP1 was used at 1:50 dilution with a secondary Mouse IgG HRP-conjugated antibody (R&D System) at a 1:1000 dilution. To detect Glycophorin, the E3 clone was used following the manufacturer instructions. The gel lanes were loaded as follows: M: size marker; Lane 1: uninfected erythrocytes lysate; Lane 2: EVs from uninfected erythrocytes; Lane 3: infected erythrocytes lysate; Lane 4: EVs from infected erythrocytes at low parasitemia; Lane 5: EVs from infected erythrocytes at high parasitemia; Lane 6: Human serum. Red arrows mark the bands corresponding to the bands expected