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Fig. 2 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 2

From: Molecular signatures of neutrophil extracellular traps in human visceral leishmaniasis

Fig. 2

Indicators of NETosis compose biosignatures that discriminate distinct states of infection with Leishmania infantum. a Principal components analysis (PCA) based on expression data from genes included in the “NET-associated proteins” gene-set for endemic controls (EC; green), asymptomatic individuals (ASYMP; blue) and VL patients (VL; red). b PCA based on serum indicators of NETosis. Left-panel included measurements for levels of serum DNA and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9); and activity of DNAse, elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) from serum of EC (n = 3), ASYMP (n = 5) and VL (n = 4). Right-panel included measurements for levels of serum DNA; and activity of DNAse, elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) from serum of EC (n = 9), ASYMP (n = 10) and VL (n = 13). c PCA based on serum indicators of NETosis, excluding measurements for MMP-9. Left-panel depicts analysis for EC (n = 9) and VL (n = 13). Middle-panel depicts analysis for EC (n = 9) and ASYMP (n = 10). Right-panel depicts analysis for ASYMP (n = 10) and VL (n = 13). d Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of serum indicators of NETosis, depicted for ASYMP (n = 10) and VL (n = 13) including activity of DNAse (NET-DNA degradation %); activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO); activity of elastase and serum DNA. e Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of serum indicators of NETosis, depicted for ASYMP (n = 10) and EC (n = 9) including activity of DNAse (NET-DNA degradation %); activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO); activity of elastase and serum DNA. Analysis was performed with Euclidian distance for metric calculations and the complete linkage method. f ROC curves comparing three predictive models using 2, 3 or 4 features between asymptomatic individuals and endemic controls

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