Table 9 Published molecular markers of genes putatively involved in resistance mechanisms of bed bugs (Cimex spp.)

kdr

V419 L

PCR and sequencing

F: AACCTGGATATACATGCCTTCAAGG;

R: TGATGGAGATTTTGCCACTGATG

[54, 157]

L925; I936F

PCR and sequencing

F: GGAATTGAAGCTGCCATGAAGTTG;

R: TGCCTATTCTGTCGAAAGCCTCAG

[54, 157]

V419L

AS-PCR

F(V): ATTCCTGGGATCATTCTACCTCg;

F(L): ATTCCTGGGATCATTCTACCTCc;

R: TGATGGAGATTTTGCCACTGATG

[90, 157]

L925I

AS-PCR

F(L): ATTATGGGCAGAACAGTGGGTGCCc;

F(I): ATTATGGGCAGAACAGTGGGTGCCa;

R: TGCCTATTCTGTCGAAAGCCTCAG

[90, 157]

V419L

QS

F: GTCCGTGGCACATGTTGTTCTTCA;

R: CTGATGGAGATTTTGCCACTGATGC;

R: CCTCTTCAGCAGCTTCTTCTTCTTC (for sequencing)

[160, 162]

L925I

QS

F: GGTCTATCAGTTTTGAGGTCATTCAG;

R: GGAGTTCGCCATCAGGGAATCTAT;

F: GTGTTTAAGCTGGCTAAGTCATGGCC (For sequencing)

[160, 162]

M918I; L1014F

PCR and sequencing

F: GGAATTGAAGCTGCCATGAAGTTG;

R: TGCCTATTCTGTCGAAAGCCTCAG

[17]

Penetration resistance

Contig_1766 (CDA)

qRT-PCR

F: TGAATGCTATAAGAATCGTA;

R: ATTACCAATACACCAACAA

[92]

Contig_1762

(CHS)

qRT-PCR

F: TAATGAAGCAAGGCACTA;

R: AATACTCCACACGATACC

[92]

Contig_48951 (CPAP)

qRT-PCR

F: GTCCTCAGCACCAATCGT;

R: GTTGTTGGAACTGTTGTTGATG

[92]

Contig_17694 (LCP)

qRT-PCR

F: GCCACTACTATAACAGAG;

R: ATTACCTCCAAGATTGAAT

[92]

Contig_21630 (PCP)

qRT-PCR

F: CCAGATAATTCAAGAGATG;

R: AGTCTAATCGGTCTATATG

[92]

Contig_24229

qRT-PCR

F: CGCCAGGGCCGAGGAGTATG;

R: ACGGGGTCGGCGGTGTAGTCT

[94]

Contig_24231

qRT-PCR

F: CGACGATCATCCCCAATACAGTTT;

R: AGGGGCGGCTTTAGCGACCACA

[94]

Contig_24227

qRT-PCR

F: TTTCTTTTGGCAGCTTTGGTTGTA;

R: CCTGCTTTCGGTCTGGGATTTG

[94]

Contig_24230

qRT-PCR

F: GACTACTACGCCCACCCGAAATAC;

R: GTGAGCAGCGTGGCCAGTCTTGTG

[94]

Contig_24228

qRT-PCR

F: TCCCGCTGTTACCAAGACTCAATG;

R: GCCAAAGCGACTGCAGGTGTATC

[94]

Contig_2034

qRT-PCR

F: TACCGTTAATGCTGCTACACCAA;

R: TCCCGAGGCGACGAAACCACT

[94]

Contig_1629

qRT-PCR

F: AGGCCAGTCCAACACAACCAAC;

R: TGCTGCCGTCCTCATTCTCC

[94]

Contig_3037

qRT-PCR

F: ACGGCAGGATGGTCGAAGATTATG;

R: AGGACGAGGGGCGGGCTGTGGT

[94]

Contig_2322

qRT-PCR

F: CGAACCTGCCGGAAGTGACATAAA;

R: TTGCGGCTGGTAGTACTGAGGTTG

[94]

Contig_773

qRT-PCR

F: GCCGTTGAGCAGCAGCGATAA;

[94]

R: CGTGGGGCGGAAGAAGGATT

Contig_2220

qRT-PCR

F: ATGGCACCAGGAGGGGAACTTA;

R: GGTACTGGGGCTGGGCTCTGT

[94]

Contig_1833

qRT-PCR

F: ACAATTCGGTGGTGCCCCTTTCT;

R: TCGGCGACGTAGCTGACCTGGAC

[94]

Contig_820

qRT-PCR

F: ATCAGCAGCCAAGTCGTAGGAAGC;

R: GGAGGGGTTGGGAGGTGGTCT

[94]

Contig_934

qRT-PCR

F: ACACCACTCCCGTTCCCATCGTC;

R: CGTTCTCGTCGGCGGTGTAAGTCA

[94]

Contig_2492

qRT-PCR

F: CGGTATCTCGGCGAAGGAACAG;

R: GCGGCGTAGGGAGATGAGCA

[94]

Contig_22513

qRT-PCR

F: CGACGGAACATACAACTGGGAATA;

R: GTCGGCGGTGTAGGTCAACTGGAT

[90]

Contig_15313

qRT-PCR

F: ACGGAACCCATCCCGATCCTTAAA;

R: ATGCCGTTACCGGTTTCGTATTCC

[90]

Contig_02621

qRT-PCR

F: ACTCCTGAAGTCCAAGCAGCAAGA;

R: TCGGAAGGGTTGTCCAAATCGTGA

[90]

Contig_8158

qRT-PCR

F: CCAAGCGGTCAAAGCAGCACATTT;

R: AGCCTAGCGAGAGCTTGGTTGTAA

[90]

Metabolic resistance

[1] P450s

CYP9

(Contig No.: N/A)

qRT-PCR

N/A

[104]

CYP6DM2

(Contig No.: N/A)

qRT-PCR

F: CCCCCTTATGCTACCCGTTTGA;

R: TTCGTCCTTTTTATGTCCGTCTGC

[113]

CYP397A1

(Contig No.: N/A)

qRT-PCR

F: CTCGGGCTCACCACTCTCAACA;

R: ACCGTCATGGCTCCCGTCAG

[113]

CYP400A1

(Contig No.: N/A)

qRT-PCR

F: CCTGCGCGTTCGGAGTCAATA;

R: CATCGGCTAAATAGAGGAAAAAGT

[113]

Contig_19601

(CYP397A1V2)

qRT-PCR

F: TCGGAGGAATGGAAGAAG;

R: CGTCATGGTATGGATGGT

[92]

Contig_103

(CYP6A2)

qRT-PCR

F: AAGTTGTCCTAGAGTGTT;

R: GAGATATGCGTGAATGTC

[92]

Contig_22399

(CYP6A13)

qRT-PCR

F: CGTCATGGTATGGATGGT;

R: TCGGAGGAATGGAAGAAG

[92]

Contig_11345

(CYP397A1)

qRT-PCR

F: TATTGGAGTCGACAGGGCGTGAAA;

R: TGACATCGCCCAATTGCTTGTAGC

[90]

Contig_03764

(CYP398A1)

qRT-PCR

F: TGTCGACCCAATGATGGCTCTGAA;

R: GAAATTGGAGGCCGATTTGGCGAT

[90]

Contig_04490

(CYP6DN1)

qRT-PCR

F: GCGAGTCTGGGAAATTGTGCATGAAT;

R: AATGCCCGATTACGATGTCAGGGA

[90]

Contig_04099

(CYP4CM1)

qRT-PCR

F: ATTGGTAACATTGGAGGCCCTGGA;

R: AGAGATTTGCCTTACCACCAGCGA

[90]

ClCPR

(Contig No. N/A)

qRT-PCR

F: TATGCCGCAGAATACGGACAACTC;

R: ACCTGCAAATTCTTCACCAGTGCC

[122]

[2] Esterases

CE3959

(Contig No. N/A)

qRT-PCR

F: ACGTCTGGAGAAGGGCAACTGAAA;

R: GACGGCCGGGTAGATGAAAACAAC

[90, 113]

CE21331

(Contig_03262)

qRT-PCR

F: TCTCACGGGGACGAACTGCCTTAT;

R: CCTGGTCTTCTGGGTATTTCTTCA

[90, 113]

[3] GSTs

gsts 1

(Contig No. N/A)

qRT-PCR

F: AGGAGAGCCAGTTAGATTTATGTT;

R: AAGCGATTCCCACCGATTTT

[113]

[4] ABC- Transporters

Contig_1346

qRT-PCR

F: TGCTCTACATAATTCTGACAT;

R: GTAGGACGGTATGAGGTA

[92]

Contig_08506

(Abc8)

qRT-PCR

F: ATCCTGATGGGCCGAGTAAACCAT;

R: TTCTGGAGGTGACCGTCAAGTTGT

[90]

Contig_02154

(Abc9)

qRT-PCR

F: TTTAGCAACCGATGTGACGCAAGC;

R: TGACCCAGACGTTGTCAACACAGA

[90]

Contig_05955

(Abc10)

qRT-PCR

F: TCACAGCGGTCTTCCTGGATTCTT;

R: AACTTCTGCGCGCACATTAGAACG

[90]

Contig_09403

(Abc11)

qRT-PCR

F: ATGCAGCTCAGTAGGGTCGTCTTT;

R: CGGGCCAAAGTCAAATCAGCACAT

[90]