|
Variable
|
Frequency of S. haematobium
|
Bivariate
|
Multivariate
|
GMEC (95% CI)
|
|---|
| |
N
|
Positive
|
Prevalence (95% CI)
|
cOR (95% CI)
|
aOR (95% CI)
| |
|---|
|
Overall
|
2162
|
86
|
4.0 (3.2–4.9)
| | |
3.67 (2.80–4.31)
|
|
Sex
|
|
Female
|
1064
|
54
|
5.1 (3.9–6.6)
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
3.50 (2.64–4.85)
|
|
Male
|
1098
|
32
|
2.9 (2.1–4.1)
|
1.78 (1.14–2.78)
|
1.75 (1.11–2.77)
|
3.38 (2.58–4.76)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.010
| | |
0.114b
|
|
Age group (in years)
|
|
5–7
|
761
|
35
|
4.7 (3.4–6.5)
|
1.00
| |
3.82 (2.64–5.87)
|
|
8–11
|
783
|
26
|
3.2 (2.2–4.7)
|
1.40 (0.84–2.35)
| |
3.74 (2.70–5.58)
|
|
12–15
|
618
|
25
|
4.0 (2.7–5.9)
|
1.14 (0.68–1.93)
| |
2.80 (2.00–4.18)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.436
| | |
0.522a
|
|
Education level
|
|
No education
|
446
|
25
|
5.6 (3.8–8.2)
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
4.17 (2.74–6.95)
|
|
Koranic school
|
256
|
11
|
4.3 (2.4–7.6)
|
1.32 (0.64–2.73)
|
1.82 (0.86–3.85)
|
8.93 (3.56–30.87)
|
|
Primary school
|
1335
|
45
|
3.4 (2.5–4.5)
|
1.70 (1.03–2.81)
|
1.79 (1.07–2.99)
|
2.91 (2.34–3.70)
|
|
Secondary school
|
125
|
5
|
4.0 (1.7–9.3)
|
1.42 (0.53–3.80)
|
1.56 (0.57–4.25)
|
2.13 (1.00–2.96)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.217
| | |
0.013a
|
|
Relationship with household head
|
|
Child
|
1468
|
59
|
4.0 (3.1–5.2)
|
1.00
| |
3.32 (2.63–4.26)
|
|
Other relatives
|
663
|
27
|
4.1 (2.8–5.9)
|
0.98 (0.62–1.57)
| |
4.17 (2.69–7.17)
|
|
Without relatives
|
31
|
0
|
–
|
-
| |
–
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.520
| | |
0.329b
|
|
Household head’s education level
|
|
No education
|
449
|
31
|
6.9 (4.7–9.7)
|
1.00
| |
4.17 (3.09–6.17)
|
|
Koranic school
|
515
|
23
|
4.5 (2.9–6.6)
|
0.58 (0.91–2.76)
| |
5.10 (3.89–7.38)
|
|
Primary school
|
252
|
21
|
8.3 (5.2–12.4)
|
0.81 (0.46–1.45)
| |
3.70 (2.91–5.26)
|
|
Secondary school
|
209
|
9
|
4.3 (2.0–8.0)
|
1.65 (0.77–3.53)
| |
3.03 (2.00–6.95)
|
|
Higher academic level
|
67
|
2
|
3.0 (0.4–10.4)
|
2.41 (0.56–10.31)
| |
7.38 (3.78–19.49)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.111
| | |
0.334a
|
|
Household head’s occupation
|
|
Non-officialsc
|
943
|
61
|
6.5 (5.0–8.2)
|
0.48 (0.25–0 .93)
|
0.49 (0.25–0.95)
|
3.39 (2.70–5.41)
|
|
Officialsd
|
209
|
14
|
6.7 (3.7–11.0)
|
0.46 (0.21–1.05)
|
0.46 (0.20–1.03)
|
2.97 (2.70–7.38)
|
|
Unemployed
|
339
|
11
|
3.2 (1.6–5.7)
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
3.38 (2.13–7.84)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.076
| | |
0.476a
|
|
Habitation zone
|
|
Zone 1
|
775
|
39
|
5.0 (3.7–6.8)
|
0.60 (0.34–1.04)
| |
4.42 (3.32–6.75)
|
|
Zone 2
|
767
|
28
|
3.6 (2.5–5.2)
|
0.83 (0.46–1.51)
| |
2.53 (1.87–3.63)
|
|
Zone 3
|
620
|
19
|
3.0 (2.0–4.8)
|
1.00
| |
3.70 (2.48–6.05)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.148
| | |
0.048a
|
|
Season
|
|
Wet
|
1026
|
29
|
2.8 (2.0–4.0)
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
4.80 (3.01–8.48)
|
|
Dry
|
1136
|
57
|
5.0 (3.9–6.5)
|
0.55 (0.35–0.87)
|
1.71 (1.07–2.74)
|
5.10 (3.25–8.84)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.009
| | |
0.081b
|
- Factors with P-value <0.05 were identified at bivariate level and were considered for the multivariate model
-
aObtained by ANOVA
-
bObtained by Student’s t-test
-
cFamers, traders, craftsmen
-
dTeachers, medical staff, administrators
-
Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, cOR crude odds ratio, GEMC geometric mean of egg count, N number examined
