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Table 2 Prevalence, geometric mean of eggs counts and factors associated with frequency of Schistosoma haematobium in Kaedi, southern Mauritania, 2014/2015

From: Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania

Variable

Frequency of S. haematobium

Bivariate

Multivariate

GMEC (95% CI)

 

N

Positive

Prevalence (95% CI)

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

 

Overall

2162

86

4.0 (3.2–4.9)

  

3.67 (2.80–4.31)

Sex

 Female

1064

54

5.1 (3.9–6.6)

1.00

1.00

3.50 (2.64–4.85)

 Male

1098

32

2.9 (2.1–4.1)

1.78 (1.14–2.78)

1.75 (1.11–2.77)

3.38 (2.58–4.76)

  P-value

  

0.010

  

0.114b

Age group (in years)

 5–7

761

35

4.7 (3.4–6.5)

1.00

 

3.82 (2.64–5.87)

 8–11

783

26

3.2 (2.2–4.7)

1.40 (0.84–2.35)

 

3.74 (2.70–5.58)

 12–15

618

25

4.0 (2.7–5.9)

1.14 (0.68–1.93)

 

2.80 (2.00–4.18)

  P-value

  

0.436

  

0.522a

Education level

 No education

446

25

5.6 (3.8–8.2)

1.00

1.00

4.17 (2.74–6.95)

 Koranic school

256

11

4.3 (2.4–7.6)

1.32 (0.64–2.73)

1.82 (0.86–3.85)

8.93 (3.56–30.87)

 Primary school

1335

45

3.4 (2.5–4.5)

1.70 (1.03–2.81)

1.79 (1.07–2.99)

2.91 (2.34–3.70)

 Secondary school

125

5

4.0 (1.7–9.3)

1.42 (0.53–3.80)

1.56 (0.57–4.25)

2.13 (1.00–2.96)

  P-value

  

0.217

  

0.013a

Relationship with household head

 Child

1468

59

4.0 (3.1–5.2)

1.00

 

3.32 (2.63–4.26)

 Other relatives

663

27

4.1 (2.8–5.9)

0.98 (0.62–1.57)

 

4.17 (2.69–7.17)

 Without relatives

31

0

–

-

 

–

  P-value

  

0.520

  

0.329b

Household head’s education level

 No education

449

31

6.9 (4.7–9.7)

1.00

 

4.17 (3.09–6.17)

 Koranic school

515

23

4.5 (2.9–6.6)

0.58 (0.91–2.76)

 

5.10 (3.89–7.38)

 Primary school

252

21

8.3 (5.2–12.4)

0.81 (0.46–1.45)

 

3.70 (2.91–5.26)

 Secondary school

209

9

4.3 (2.0–8.0)

1.65 (0.77–3.53)

 

3.03 (2.00–6.95)

 Higher academic level

67

2

3.0 (0.4–10.4)

2.41 (0.56–10.31)

 

7.38 (3.78–19.49)

  P-value

  

0.111

  

0.334a

Household head’s occupation

 Non-officialsc

943

61

6.5 (5.0–8.2)

0.48 (0.25–0 .93)

0.49 (0.25–0.95)

3.39 (2.70–5.41)

 Officialsd

209

14

6.7 (3.7–11.0)

0.46 (0.21–1.05)

0.46 (0.20–1.03)

2.97 (2.70–7.38)

 Unemployed

339

11

3.2 (1.6–5.7)

1.00

1.00

3.38 (2.13–7.84)

  P-value

  

0.076

  

0.476a

Habitation zone

 Zone 1

775

39

5.0 (3.7–6.8)

0.60 (0.34–1.04)

 

4.42 (3.32–6.75)

 Zone 2

767

28

3.6 (2.5–5.2)

0.83 (0.46–1.51)

 

2.53 (1.87–3.63)

 Zone 3

620

19

3.0 (2.0–4.8)

1.00

 

3.70 (2.48–6.05)

  P-value

  

0.148

  

0.048a

Season

 Wet

1026

29

2.8 (2.0–4.0)

1.00

1.00

4.80 (3.01–8.48)

 Dry

1136

57

5.0 (3.9–6.5)

0.55 (0.35–0.87)

1.71 (1.07–2.74)

5.10 (3.25–8.84)

  P-value

  

0.009

  

0.081b

  1. Factors with P-value <0.05 were identified at bivariate level and were considered for the multivariate model
  2. aObtained by ANOVA
  3. bObtained by Student’s t-test
  4. cFamers, traders, craftsmen
  5. dTeachers, medical staff, administrators
  6. Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, cOR crude odds ratio, GEMC geometric mean of egg count, N number examined
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