Return of chloroquine sensitivity to Africa? Surveillance of African Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance through malaria imported to China

Table 3 Comparison with the prevalence of pfcrt K76T from previous studies

Country	Time of CQ withdrawal [2]	Mutation rate (%)	Sample size	Year	Reference	P-value (χ ²; df)
Angola	2006	97.0	102	2007	[28]	P < 0.001 (113.6; 3)
		63.5	430	2010	[28]
		47.6	42	2011–2014	This study
		25.7	101	2012–2015	[29]
Congo	2006	97.0	83	2005	[31]	P < 0.001 (29.8; 3)
		92.0	51	2009–2010	[30]
		80	20	2011–2014	This study
		52.2	23	2012–2015	[29]
Equatorial Guinea	2004	72.0	297	2005	[33]	P < 0.001 (274.0; 4)
		30	244	2013	[34]
		98.7	151	2013–2014	[32]
		31.9	47	2011–2014	This study
		14.7	75	2012–2015	[29]
Ghana	2004	59.3	27	2004–2006	[37]	P = 0.001 (19.8; 4)
		47.8	178	2007–2008	[35]
		48.3	60	2010	[36]
		15.0	20	2011–2014	This study
		13.0	23	2012–2015	[29]
Nigeria	2005	88.0	116	2004–2005	[38]	P < 0.001 (99.0; 3)
		95.8	119	2007–2008	[39]
		46.9	32	2011–2014	This study
		41.9	74	2012–2015	[29]

Note: Partial studies were selected for comparison, and mixed infections were considered as mutant. Mutation rates among different years were compared, and the results indicate significant changes over time (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 1756-3305