Table 1 Summary of comparative immune data arising from experiments on larvae, 1-day-old adults, and 5-day-old adults. High, medium, and low responses are relative designations assigned by comparing each group to the other two groups and ranking them based on the strength of the response
| Â | Larva | 1-day-old adult | 5-day-old adult |
|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial killing | High | High | Low |
Number of circulating hemocytes (increase after infection?) | High (Yes) | Medium (No) | Low (No) |
Number of sessile hemocytes (increase after infection?) | Medium (No) | High (Yes) | Low (No) |
Phagocytic burden | Low | High | High |
Integrated immune and circulatory systems | Yes, at the tracheal tufts | Yes, at the periostial regions | Yes, at the periostial regions |
Antimicrobial activity of hemolymph | High | Low | Low |
Phenoloxidase activity of hemolymph | High | Low | Medium |
Immune gene induction | High | Medium | Low |
Genes transcriptionally upregulated >Â 2-fold (strongly) | CTL4, FREP13, TEP1, Eater, CLIPB15, AGSTAT-A, CECA, GAM1, DEF1, PPO6, LYSC1 | CTL4, FREP13, TEP1, Eater, CLIPB15, CASPL1, CECA, GAM1, DEF1, LYSC1, NOS | FREP13, TEP1, Eater, CLIPB15, CECA, GAM1, DEF1, LYSC1, NOS |
Genes transcriptionally upregulated 1.5–2-fold (weakly) | SCRBQ2, SRPN6, CACTUS, CASPL1, PIAS, DUOX | GNBPB4, Nimrod | CTL4 |
Genes transcriptionally downregulated <Â 0.5-fold (strongly) | GNBPB4, PPO1 | None | PPO6, CYP302A1 |