Table 2 Effect of scabies mites or mite extracts on key cytokines and molecules from cultured cells in vitro and in vivo
From: Host immune responses to the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, in humans
Cell type(s) | Cytokines upregulated | Cytokines downregulated | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Cultured cells treated with mite extracts | |||
 Human skin equivalents (HSE) | CTACK, IL 1α, IL 1β, IL 1Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23A, GM-CSF, M-CSF | Not reported | |
 Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-D) | ICAM-1 | IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1 | |
 Human keratinocytes, fibroblasts | IL-6, CTACK, TGF α, CXCL1, G-CSF | IL-8, GM-CSF | |
 Dendritic cells | TNF-α | IL-6, IL-8 | [60] |
In vivo studies: humans | |||
 PBMCs | IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 | IL-10 | |
 Serum | IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ | IL-6 | [47] |
 Skin biopsies (crusted scabies) | IL-1β, TGF-β | IFN-γ, IL-10? | [23] |
In vivo studies: other animals | |||
 Porcine PBMCs | IL-17, IFN-γ | Not reported | [88] |
 Spleen (from exposed/vaccinated mice) | G-CSF, IL-2, IL-13 | ICAM-1, ICAM-2, L-selectin, M-CSF, TNF α, TGF β | [112] |
 Canine PBMCs | IL-4, IL-5, TGF-β | TNF-α | [123] |
 Pig skin biopsies | IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, IL-2, TGF-β | Not reported | [46] |