Table 1 Subspecies and geographical distribution of the golden jackal, Canis aureus

Canis a. aureus Linnaeus, 1758

Common jackal

Middle Asia; Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Arabian Peninsula; Baluchistan; northwestern India

C. balcanicus; C. caucasica; C. dalmatinus; C. hadramauticus; C. hungaricus; C. kola; C. lanka; C. maroccanus; C. typicus; C. vulgaris

Canis a. algirensis Wagner, 1841

Algerian wolf

Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia

C. barbarus; C. grayi; C. tripolitanus;

Canis a. anthus Cuvier, 1820

Senegalese wolf; grey jackal; slender jackal

Senegal

C. senegalensis

Canis a. bea Heller, 1914

Serengeti wolf; Serengeti jackal

Kenya; northern Tanzania

Canis a. cruesemanni Matschie, 1900

Siamese jackal; South East Asian jackal

Thailand; Myanmar; East India

Canis a. ecsedensis Kretzoi, 1947

Pannonian jackal

Pannonian Basin

C. minor; C. balcanicus; C. hungaricus

Canis a. indicus Hodgson, 1833

Indian jackal; Himalayan jackal

Pakistan; India; Nepal; Bhutan; Burma

Canis a. lupaster Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833

African wolf; Egyptian wolf; Egyptian jackal

Egypt; Algeria; Mali; Ethiopian Highlands; Senegal

C. lupaster; C. lupus lupaster; C. sacer

Canis a. moreoticus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835

European jackal; Caucasian jackal; Reed wolf

Southeastern Europe; Asia Minor; Caucasus

C. graecus

Canis a. naria Wroughton, 1916

Sri Lankan jackal

Southern India; Sri Lanka

C. lanka

Canis a. palaestina Khalaf, 2008

Palestine; Israel

Canis a. riparius Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832

Somali wolf

Somalia; Ethiopia; Eritrea

C. hagenbecki; C. mengesi; C. somalicus

Canis a. soudanicus Thomas, 1903

Variegated wolf; Nubian wolf

Sudan; Somalia

C. doederleini; C. nubianus; C. thooides; C. variegatus

Canis a. syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833

Syrian jackal

Israel; Lebanon; Jordan