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Table 7 Arthropod parasites of the golden jackal, Canis aureus

From: A synoptic overview of golden jackal parasites reveals high diversity of species

Family

Species

Origin

Prevalence (%)

Frequency

Intensity

(A, ♂, ♀, N, L)b

Reference

Class Arachnida

Demodecidae

Demodex spp.

Israel

na

1/1

na

[287]

Demodex canis

Russia

3.3

5/150

na

[53]

Demodex folliculorum

Bangladesh

na

na

na

[118]

Ixodidae

Amblyomma sp.

Nepal

na

na

na

[288]

Amblyomma varanense (syn. Aponomma gervaisi lucasi)

India

na

na

na

[289]

Amblyomma variegatum

Haute-Volta

na

na

7 N

[290]

Senegal

na

na

54 L

[291]

Dermacentor marginatus

Russia

15.3

23/150

1–26

[53]

Serbia

45.0

9/20

na

[292]

Dermacentor reticulatus

Austria

na

1/1

17 ♂; 2 ♀

[56]

Hungary

na

4/4

10 A

[293]

Italy

na

1/1

na

[116]

Romania

12.6

10/79

46 ♂; 25 ♀

[294]

Russia

62.0

93/150

1–26

[53]

Haemaphysalis sp.

Iran

1.7

1/56

na

[48, 295, 296]

Nepal

na

na

na

[288]

Haemaphysalis adleri

Iraq

na

na

na

[297]

Israel

na

2/2

4 ♂; 1 ♀

[298]

 

na

3/3

na

[299]

Haemaphysalis bispinosa

India

na

na

na

[300]

Nepal

na

na

na

[288]

Haemaphysalis canestrinii

India

na

1/1

9 ♂; 3 ♀,

[301]

 

na

na

na

[300]

Pakistan

na

3/3

3 ♂; 1 ♀

[301]

Haemaphysalis concinna

Austria

na

1/1

1 N

[56]

Hungary

na

4/4

7 N; 4 L

[293]

Romania

1.2

1/79

1 N

[294]

Haemaphysalis flava

India

na

na

A

[289]

Haemaphysalis indoflava

India

na

na

na

[302]

Haemaphysalis intermedia

India

na

2/2

8 ♂; 17♀; 28 N; 13 L

[303]

 

na

na

na

[300]

Haemaphysalis kutchensis

India

na

na

10 ♂; 1 ♀

[348]

Haemaphysalis leachii (syns H. leachii leachii, H. leachii indica)

Egypt (as H. leachii leachii)

na

na

na

[305]

India

na

1/1

9 ♂; 3 ♀

[306]

India (as H. leachii indica)

na

na

na

[289]

 

na

2/2

7 ♂; 2♀; 4 N; 1 L

[307]

Nepal (as H. leachii indica)

na

3/3

6 N

[307]

Haemaphysalis longicornis (syn. H. neumanni)

Ceylon

na

na

na

[308]

Haemaphysalis paraleachi

Sudan

100

10/10

42 ♂; 4 ♀

[309]

Haemaphysalis parva (syn. H. otophila)

India

na

na

na

[310]

Israel

na

3/3

na

[299]

Israel (as H. otophila)

na

6/6

37

[311]

Haemaphysalis punctata

Romania

na

4/4

na

[312]

 

2.5

2/79

1 ♂; 2 N

[294]

Hyalomma sp.

Russia

0.7

1/150

1

[53]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Hyalomma aegyptium

USSR (former)

na

na

na

[313]

Hyalomma anatolicum

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Hyalomma asiaticum

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Hyalomma scupense

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Ixodes sp.

Iran

na

1/1

na

[314]

Russia

na

na

na

[339]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Ixodes acuminatus (syn. I. redikorzevi theodori)

Israel

na

6/6

1

[311]

Ixodes canisuga

Hungary

na

4/4

1 N

[293]

Ixodes hexagonus

Romania

10.1

8/79

2 ♂; 11 ♀; 24 N; 12 L

[294]

Ixodes ovatus

Nepal

na

1/1

6 ♀

[315]

Ixodes ricinus

Hungary

na

4/4

3 A

[293]

Iran

3.5

2/56

na

[48, 295, 296]

Italy

na

1/1

na

[116]

Romania

na

1/1

na

[316]

 

na

4/4

na

[312]

 

26.5

21/79

54 ♂; 45♀; 3 N; 4 L

[294]

Russia

68.7

103/150

1–62

[53]

Serbia

55.0

11/20

na

[292]

Rhipicephalus sp.

Iran

1.7

1/56

na

[48, 295, 296]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Rhipicephalus annulatus (syn. Boophilus calcaratus)

Russia

1.3

2/150

1–2

[53]

Rhipicephalus cuspidatus

Haute-Volta

na

na

na

[290]

Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides

India

na

na

na

[289]

na

1/1

4 ♂

[306]

na

2/2

1 ♀; 2 N

[303]

na

na

na

[300]

Nepal

na

na

na

[288]

Rhipicephalus leporis

Iraq

na

na

na

[297]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Rhipicephalus pumilio

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Uzbekistan

na

na

na

[152]

Rhipicephalus rossicus

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Algeria

na

2/2

15 ♂; 8 ♀

[317]

Burma, Ceylon, India

na

na

na

[289]

India

na

na

na

[300]

Iran

na

na

na

[314]

Israel

na

6/6

na

[311]

Nepal

na

na

na

[288]

Nigeriaa

na

3/6

na

[41]

Romania

na

1/1

na

[316]

 

na

4/4

na

[312]

 

1.2

1/79

1 ♂

[294]

Serbia

0.5

1/20

na

[292]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Turkey

na

na

na

[150]

na

na

na

[318]

Rhipicephalus schulzei

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Rhipicephalus simus

Kenya

na

na

na

[319]

Rhipicephalus sulcatus

Haute-Volta

na

na

5 ♂

[290]

Rhipicephalus turanicus

Iraq

na

na

na

[320]

 

100

14/14

na

[297]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Uzbekistan

na

na

na

[152]

Psoroptidae

Otodectes cynotis

Iran

1.7

1/56

na

[48, 295, 296]

Sarcoptidae

Sarcoptes scabiei

Israel

na

1/1

na

[287]

Class Insecta

Boopiidae

Heterodoxus spiniger

Africa (North, East); Asia (South); Europe (Southeast)

na

na

na

[321]

Uganda

na

1/1

1 ♂; 2 ♀

[322]

Ceratophyllidae

Paraceras melis

Russia

10.0

15/150

1–12

[53]

3.3

5/150

na

[323]

Coptopsyllidae

Coptopsylla lamellifer dubinini

Uzbekistan

na

na

na

[152]

Hippoboscidae

Hippobosca longipennis

Russia

2.7

4/150

1–2

[53]

Linognathidae

Linognathus setosus

Afrotropical Region

na

na

na

[324]

Nepal

na

na

na

[288]

Pediculidae

Pediculus sp.

Bangladesh

na

na

na

[118]

Pulicidae

Pulex irritans

Afghanistan

na

na

2 ♂; 1 ♀

[325]

Iran

na

na

3 ♂; 1 ♀

[326]

Israel

na

6/6

36

[311]

Russia

24.0

36/150

1–15

[53]

14.0

21/150

na

[323]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Uzbekistan

na

na

na

[152]

Ctenocephalides canis

Afghanistan

na

na

10 ♂; 38 ♀

[325]

Iran

na

na

13 ♂; 25 ♀

[326]

10.8

6/56

na

[48, 295, 296]

Israel

na

4/6

27

[311]

Nigeriaa

na

1/6

na

[41]

Russia

48.0

72/150

1–28

[53]

17.3

30/150

na

[323]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Turkey

na

na

na

[150]

Uzbekistan

na

na

na

[152]

Ctenocephalides felis (syn. C. felis felis)

Ethiopia

na

na

na

[327]

India (as C. felis felis)

na

na

na

[328]

Iran (as C. felis felis)

na

na

2 ♂; 2 ♀

[326]

Israel

50.0

3/6

6

[311]

Russia

3.3

5/150

1–4

[53]

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Uzbekistan

na

na

na

[152]

Echidnophaga gallinacea

Afghanistan

na

na

1 ♂

[325]

Ethiopia

na

na

na

[327]

Xenopsylla nesokiae

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Trichodectidae

Trichodectes canis

Russia

13.3

20/150

1–34

[53]

 

Tajikistan

na

na

na

[148]

Vermipsyllidae

Chaetopsylla globiceps

Russia

27.3

41/150

1–19

[53]

6.7

10/150

na

[323]

Class Maxillopoda

Linguatulidae

Linguatula serrata

Romania

1.3

1/73

1 ♂

Our unpublished data

  1. Abbreviation: na not applicable/not available
  2. aAnimals kept in captivity
  3. bA, adults; ♂, male; ♀, female; N, nymphs; L, larvae