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Table 1 Numbers of Ixodes ricinus and I. frontalis tick stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) collected from songbirds

From: Pathogen communities of songbird-derived ticks in Europe’s low countries

   

Ixodes ricinus

Ixodes frontalis

Scientific name (common name)

Foraging habitata

Total infested birds

Larvae (Birds)

Nymphs (Birds)

Females (Birds)

Total ticks (Birds)

Mean infestation intensity

Larvae (Birds)

Nymphs (Birds)

Females (Birds)

Total ticks (Birds)

Mean infestation intensity

Turdus merula (Eurasian blackbird)

GF/GS

173

36 (24)

240 (122)

 

276 (139)

1.9

30 (30)

1 (1)

6 (5)

37 (36)

1.0

Turdus philomelos (Song thrush)

GF/GS

53

12 (12)

45 (40)

 

57 (51)

1.1

2 (1)

1 (1)

1 (1)

4 (3)

 

Turdus iliacus (Redwing)

GF

33

22 (11)

52 (28)

 

74 (33)

2.2

8 (1)

2 (2)

 

10 (2)

 

Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Common redstart)

OF

13

6 (6)

7 (7)

 

13 (13)

1.0

     

Prunella modularis (Dunnock)

GF/GS

13

7 (3)

45 (12)

 

52 (13)

4.0

     

Erithacus rubecula (European robin)

GF/GS

13

16 (7)

10 (8)

 

26 (13)

2.0

     

Troglodytes troglodytes (Eurasian wren)

GF/GS

11

15 (7)

4 (4)

 

19 (11)

1.7

     

Sylvia communis (Common whitethroat)

OB

8

3 (3)

13 (7)

 

16 (8)

      

Phylloscopus trochilus (Willow warbler)

OF/OB

7

6 (2)

13 (6)

 

19 (7)

      

Sylvia curruca (Lesser whitethroat)

GB/OB

5

 

6 (5)

 

6 (5)

      

Parus major (Great tit)

OF/OS

5

2 (1)

3 (3)

1 (1)

6 (5)

      

Fringilla coelebs (Common chaffinch)

GF/OF

4

2 (2)

1 (1)

 

3 (3)

   

1 (1)

1 (1)

 

Sylvia atricapilla (Black cap)

OF/OB

4

4 (1)

4 (4)

 

8 (4)

      

Carduelis cabaret (Lesser redpoll)

OF

4

 

3 (3)

 

3 (3)

   

1 (1)

1 (1)

 

Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Eurasian reed warbler)

OW

3

 

4 (3)

 

4 (3)

  

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

 

Luscinia svecica (Bluethroat)

GW/OW

2

 

8 (2)

 

8 (2)

      

Acrocephalus palustris (Marsh warbler)

OW/OB

2

 

2 (2)

 

2 (2)

      

Passer domesticus (House sparrow)

GU/GS

2

1 (1)

2 (1)

 

3 (2)

      

Passer montanus (Eurasian tree sparrow)

GM/GS

2

1 (1)

1 (1)

 

2 (2)

      

Phylloscopus collybita (Common chiffchaff)

OF

2

 

3 (2)

 

3 (2)

      

Sylvia borin (Garden warbler)

OB

2b

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Hawfinch)

GF/OF

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Ficedula hypoleuca (Pied flycatcher)

OF

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Garrulus glandarius (Jay)

OF

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Carduelis cannabina (Linnet)

GM/OM

1

 

2 (1)

 

2 (1)

      

Poecile montanus (Willow tit)

OF

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Emberiza schoeniclus (Reed bunting)

OW

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Acrocephalus schoenabaenus (Sedge warbler)

GW/OW

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Alauda arvensis (Eurasian skylark)

GM

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Anthus pratensis (Meadow pipit)

GM

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Chloris chloris (European greenfinch)

OF/OB

1

       

1 (1)

1 (1)

 

Turdus viscivorus (Mistle thrush)

GF

1

1 (1)

  

1 (1)

      

Cyanistes caeruleus (Blue tit)

OF

1

       

1 (1)

1 (1)

 

Carduelis spinus (Eurasian siskin)

OF

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Hippolais icterina (Icterine warbler)

OB

1

 

1 (1)

 

1 (1)

      

Total

 

375

134 (82)

479 (273)

1 (1)

614 (334)

 

40 (32)

5 (5)

11 (10)

56 (46)

 
  1. aGround-foraging species include bird species that pre-dominantly feed on or close to the ground (< 0.5 m) of forests (GF), meadows (GM), bushes (GB), wetlands (GW), urban (GU), suburban (GS) habitat. Other species include species that pre-dominantly forage in higher vegetation strata (> 0.5 m) of forests (OF), bushes (OB) and wetlands (OW)
  2. bFor Sylvia borin (Garden warbler), we found one individual that was infested by a Hyalomma spp. nymph
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