Fig. 4

Co-application protocol on DmS-GABA. Current traces obtained from X. laevis oocytes expressing DmS-GABA receptors. The left panel shows superimposed traces recorded after the fifth exposure to 1 μM GABA (doted-line trace) and the first and second co-application (black and grey trace, respectively) with 100 nM (a) fipronil, (b) lotilaner, or (c) AHC-2229544 at 1 min interval. The doted-line traces show the fourth and fifths response to 1 μM GABA application. The right panel shows the forth and fifth GABA applications (doted-line) while the black and grey traces represent the first and the second to fifth co-application with 100 nM of (a) fipronil, (b) lotilaner, or (c) AHC-2229544, respectively. The bars indicate the time period of GABA application (interrupted line) or GABA co-applied with the compound (solid line)