Farm factors | Case (n = 131) | Control (n = 63) |
---|---|---|
Mean herd size ± SD | 448.1 ± 266.5 | 347.2 ± 141.0 |
Mean number ± SD of animals slaughtered in 2013 | 107.0 ± 82.5 | 75.9 ± 28.0 |
Farm type | ||
 Organic | 17 | 8 |
 Conventional | 114 | 55 |
Concurrent beef production | ||
 Yes | 21 | 3 |
 No | 110 | 60 |
Breed | ||
 Danish Holstein | 94 | 48 |
 Cross | 18 | 2 |
 Other | 19 | 13 |
Management factors | Â | Â |
Grazing of heifers and access to surface water | ||
 Wet pasture + yes | 73 | 15 |
 Wet pasture + no | 35 | 13 |
 Dry pasture + yes | 3 | 5 |
 Dry pasture + no | 7 | 11 |
 Not grazed | 13 | 19 |
Grazing of calves and access to surface water | ||
 Wet pasture + yes | 11 | 3 |
 Wet pasture + no | 17 | 5 |
 Dry pasture + yes | 4 | 1 |
 Dry pasture + no | 35 | 15 |
 Not grazed | 64 | 39 |
Grazing of cows | Â | Â |
 Wet pasture | 5 | 1 |
 Dry pasture | 47 | 21 |
 Not grazed | 79 | 41 |
Grazing of dry cows | Â | Â |
 Wet pasture | 38 | 4 |
 Dry pasture | 45 | 22 |
 Not grazed | 48 | 37 |
Period of grazing in 2013 (turn-out in March) | ||
 Before 1st June and > 6 month | 67 | 20 |
 Before 1st June and ≤ 6 months | 11 | 3 |
 After 1st June and < 6 months | 8 | 8 |
 Not grazed | 45 | 32 |
Any prevention for liver flukes on pasture | ||
 None | 82 | 37 |
 Move animals in late summer | 25 | 8 |
 Other | 12 | 2 |
 Not grazed | 12 | 16 |
Purchase or grazing of calves with animals from other farms in 2013 | ||
 Yes | 10 | 2 |
 No | 121 | 61 |
Purchase or grazing of heifers with animals from other farms in 2013 | ||
 Yes | 25 | 8 |
 No | 106 | 55 |
Purchase of cows in 2013 | ||
 Yes | 20 | 6 |
 No | 111 | 57 |