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Table 1 Summary statistics of the questionnaire and slaughter observations, stratified by case and control farms

From: Farm-level risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infection in Danish dairy cattle as evaluated by two diagnostic methods

Farm factors

Case (n = 131)

Control (n = 63)

Mean herd size ± SD

448.1 ± 266.5

347.2 ± 141.0

Mean number ± SD of animals slaughtered in 2013

107.0 ± 82.5

75.9 ± 28.0

Farm type

 Organic

17

8

 Conventional

114

55

Concurrent beef production

 Yes

21

3

 No

110

60

Breed

 Danish Holstein

94

48

 Cross

18

2

 Other

19

13

Management factors

  

Grazing of heifers and access to surface water

 Wet pasture + yes

73

15

 Wet pasture + no

35

13

 Dry pasture + yes

3

5

 Dry pasture + no

7

11

 Not grazed

13

19

Grazing of calves and access to surface water

 Wet pasture + yes

11

3

 Wet pasture + no

17

5

 Dry pasture + yes

4

1

 Dry pasture + no

35

15

 Not grazed

64

39

Grazing of cows

  

 Wet pasture

5

1

 Dry pasture

47

21

 Not grazed

79

41

Grazing of dry cows

  

 Wet pasture

38

4

 Dry pasture

45

22

 Not grazed

48

37

Period of grazing in 2013 (turn-out in March)

 Before 1st June and > 6 month

67

20

 Before 1st June and ≤ 6 months

11

3

 After 1st June and < 6 months

8

8

 Not grazed

45

32

Any prevention for liver flukes on pasture

 None

82

37

 Move animals in late summer

25

8

 Other

12

2

 Not grazed

12

16

Purchase or grazing of calves with animals from other farms in 2013

 Yes

10

2

 No

121

61

Purchase or grazing of heifers with animals from other farms in 2013

 Yes

25

8

 No

106

55

Purchase of cows in 2013

 Yes

20

6

 No

111

57

  1. Abbreviation: SD standard deviation