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Table 2 Mosquito larvicidal activity (percent mortality ± SE) of the crude and active fractions of C. tora, and pure compounds against third and fourth-instars of A. gambiae

From: Mosquito larvicidal activity of Cassia tora seed extract and its key anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin

 

1 ppm

2.5 ppm

5 ppm

10 ppm

100 ppm

LD50 (95% CI)

LD90 (95% CI)

Crude extract

33.3 ± 7.3 Ac

38.3 ± 14.5 Ac

65 ± 13.2 Abc

91.7 ± 8.3Aab

100 ± 0 Aa

2.5 (0.001–0.003)A

10.36 (0.009–0.021) A

Fraction 3

11.7 ± 7.3 Bc

18.3 ± 4.4 Ac

53.3 ± 6.0 ABbc

75 ± 10 ABab

100 ± 0 Aa

5 (0.004–0.006) B

20 (0.013–0.030) A

Fraction 4

18.3 ± 6.0 Bb

20 ± 2.9 Ab

43.3 ± 8.3 ABb

66.7 ± 3.3 ABab

88.3 ± 11.6 Aa

7 (0.005–0.01) B

90 (0.043–0.185) B

Compd1

6.7 ± 4.4 Bc

6.7 ± 4.4 Bc

3.3 ± 3.3 Bc

58.3 ± 8.8 ABb

100 ± 0 Aa

10 (0.008–0.013) B

30 (0.02–0.05) A

Compd 4

1.7 ± 1.7 Bb

8.66 ± 5.0 Bb

13.2 ± 7.6 Ba

10.2 (0.008–0.017) B

50 (0.02–0.12) A

Azadirachtina

43 ± 12.0 Ab

51.7 ± 10.1 Ab

73.3 ± 14.2 Aab

90 ± 0 ABab

100 ± 0 Aa

1.69 (0.001–0.002) A

10.25 (0.008–0.020) A

  1. Note: Means followed by the same upper-case letter within the same column (treatment doses and LSD50/90) and by the same lower-case letter within the same row (treatment doses only) are not significantly different (α = 0.05) after mean separation by Tukey’s HSD test
  2. Abbreviation: SE standard error
  3. a Positive control