Fig. 1

Treatment with 5% bile increases the activation of Ancylostoma ceylanicum iL3 larvae. Treatment of A. ceylanicum iL3 with 5% bile increases the percent of activated larvae (P = 0.0017). Each bar represents the mean of three trials normalized to the percent feeding in PBS alone. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Each trial had n > 50. Data from each trial was normalized to the percent activation observed in observed in cell-free controls. Abbreviation: SFM, serum-free media