Table 5 Rate ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for VL patients’ onset-to-diagnosis (OD) and onset-to-treatment (OT) times for different factors, from multivariable negative-binomial regression models; Bihar, 2012–2013

Age

Each 1-year increase

4234

1.003 (1.002–1.004)

< 10⁻⁴

4145

1.003 (1.002–1.004)

< 10⁻⁴

District^a

Saharsa

956

1.99 (1.82–2.18)

< 10⁻⁴

927

1.94 (1.77–2.12)

< 10⁻⁴

E. Champaran

1108

2.26 (2.07–2.47)

< 10⁻⁴

1102

2.33 (2.14–2.54)

< 10⁻⁴

Samastipur

710

2.17 (1.97–2.39)

< 10⁻⁴

682

2.16 (1.97–2.38)

< 10⁻⁴

Gopalganj

572

2.22 (2.01–2.45)

< 10⁻⁴

567

2.28 (2.07–2.51)

< 10⁻⁴

Begusarai

326

–

–

318

–

–

Khagaria

291

1.61 (1.44–1.80)

< 10⁻⁴

277

1.56 (1.40–1.74)

< 10–4

Patna

195

1.85 (1.63–2.10)

< 10⁻⁴

194

1.76 (1.55–1.99)

< 10–4

W. Champaran

76

2.75 (2.30–3.27)

< 10⁻⁴

78

2.74 (2.29–3.28)

< 10–4

Wall^b

Grass + straw

2034

1.05 (0.97–1.12)

0.220

1994

1.07 (0.99–1.14)

0.077

Mud

478

–

–

469

–

–

Mud, stone

812

1.10 (1.02–1.20)

0.014

787

1.14 (1.06–1.23)

0.001

Concrete

910

1.004 (0.93–1.09)

0.916

895

1.01 (0.94–1.09)

0.752

No. of pre-diagnosis treatments

0

23

–

–

39

–

–

1

1585

1.64 (1.22–2.21)

< 10⁻⁴

1548

0.78 (0.61–0.98)

0.032

2

1452

2.18 (1.62–2.94)

< 10⁻⁴

1407

1.04 (0.82–1.31)

0.758

3

748

2.99 (2.22–4.03)

< 10⁻⁴

736

1.37 (1.09–1.74)

0.008

4

426

3.70 (2.73–5.00)

< 10⁻⁴

415

1.71 (1.35–2.17)

< 10⁻⁴

Lower caste

No

2943

–

–

–

–

–

Yes

1291

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

0.029

Treatment cost

Free

–

–

–

3379

–

–

Paid

–

–

–

766

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.003

Same-district diagnosis

No

332

–

–

321

–

–

Yes

3902

0.92 (0.85–0.99)

0.037

3824

0.90 (0.83–0.98)

0.011

Same-block diagnosis

No

–

–

–

1850

–

–

Yes

–

–

–

2295

0.95 (0.905–0.995)

0.032