Table 1 Primers for tick species and tick-borne pathogen detections in hard ticks (Ixodidae) of birds in Taiwan
From: Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from birds in Taiwan
|  | Gene target | Primers | Sequences (5′-3′) | Product size (bp) | Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tick species | 12S rRNA gene | T1B | AAACTAGGATTAGATACCCT | 379 | PCR | [60] |
| Â | Â | T2A | AATGAGAGCGACGGGCGATGT | Â | Â | Â |
|  | 16S rRNA gene | 16S + 1 | CTGCTCAATGATTTTTTAAATTGCTGTGG | 452 | PCR | [59] |
| Â | Â | 16S-1 | CCGGTCTGAACTCAGATCAAGTA | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | BmR1 | TGTTATTGCCTTACACTTCCTTGC | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | BmF2 | ACGGCTACCACATCTAAGGAAGGC | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | BmR2 | TCTCTCAAGGTGCTGAAGGA | Â | Â | Â |
Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. | 16S rRNA gene | EHR 16SD | GGTACC(C/T)ACAGAAGAAGTCC | 306 | Real time PCR | [119] |
EHR 16SR | TAGCACTCATCGTTTACAGC | |||||
Rickettsia spp. | OmpB | rompB OF | GTAACCGGAAGTAATCGTTTCGTAA | 426 or 250 | Nested PCR | [120] |
rompB OR | GCTTTATAACCAGCTAAACCACC | |||||
rompB SFG IF | GTTTAATACGTGCTGCTAACCAA | |||||
SFG/TG IR | GGTTTGGCCCATATACCATAAG | |||||
rompB TG IF | AAGATCCTTCTGATGTTGCAACA | |||||
gltA | RpCS.877p | GGGGGCCTGCTCACGGCGG | 338 | Nested PCR | ||
RpCS.1258n | AATGCAAAAAGTACAGTGAACA | |||||
RpCS.896 | GGCTAATGAAGCAGTGATAA | |||||
RpCS.1233n | GCGACGGTATACCCATAGC | |||||
Borrelia spp. | rrf(5S)-rrl(23S) | 5S–F | CGACCTTCTTCGCCTTAAAGC | 226–266 | Nested PCR | [121] |
23S–R | TAAGCTGACTAATACTAATTACCC | |||||
5S–rrf | CTGCGAGTTCGCGGGAGA | |||||
23S–rrl | TCCTAGGCATTCACCATA | |||||
Babesia spp. | 18S rRNA gene | BmF1 | GCGATGTATCATTCAAGTTTCTG | 700 | Nested PCR | [122] |
BmR1 | TGTTATTGCCTTACACTTCCTTGC | |||||
BmF2 | ACGGCTACCACATCTAAGGAAGGC | |||||
BmR2 | TCTCTCAAGGTGCTGAAGGA |