|
No. of studies
|
No. of HIV-infected patients
|
No. of patients with Cryptosporidium co-infection
|
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium co-infection (95% CI) (%)
|
Heterogeneity
|
Univariate meta-regression
|
---|
P-value
|
I2 (%)
|
Coefficient (95% CI) (%)
|
P-value
|
---|
Region
| | | | | | |
0.20 (0.01–0.38)
|
0.039
|
Western and central Europe and North America
|
10
|
28,283
|
1042
|
7.3 (5.4–9.2)
|
< 0.0001
|
97.0
| | |
Sub-Saharan Africa
|
35
|
5313
|
1105
|
21.1 (16.1–26.1)
|
< 0.0001
|
98.5
| | |
Asia and the Pacific
|
45
|
7529
|
896
|
12.6 (10.5–14.7)
|
< 0.0001
|
94.1
| | |
Latin America and the Caribbean
|
10
|
1272
|
121
|
13.0 (7.3–18.7)
|
< 0.0001
|
94.0
| | |
Middle East and North Africa
|
4
|
702
|
43
|
4.7 (0.5–8.8)
|
< 0.0001
|
88.1
| | |
Eastern Europe and central Asia
|
2
|
119
|
76
|
60.1 (24.1–96.1)
|
< 0.0001
|
94.4
| | |
Income level
| | | | |
< 0.0001
| |
0.12 (-0.12–0.37)
|
0.328
|
Low income
|
16
|
2559
|
460
|
19.7 (13.3–26.1)
|
< 0.0001
|
96.6
| | |
Middle income
|
76
|
11,559
|
1722
|
14.8 (13.3–16.4)
|
< 0.0001
|
97.5
| | |
High income
|
14
|
29,100
|
1101
|
7.7 (6.0–9.5)
|
< 0.0001
|
96.2
| | |
Patients with diarrhea
| | | | |
< 0.0001
| |
0.19 (0.05–0.33)
|
0.009
|
Yes
|
34
|
4232
|
625
|
18.2 (14.6–21.7)
|
< 0.0001
|
97.3
| | |
Mixed
|
66
|
37,517
|
2306
|
11.8 (10.6–13.0)
|
< 0.0001
|
96.7
| | |
na
|
6
|
1469
|
352
|
29.4 (12.4–46.4)
|
< 0.0001
|
98.7
| | |
Total
|
106
|
43,218
|
3283
|
14.0 (13.0–15.0)
|
< 0.0001
|
97.6
| | |
- Abbreviations: Yes, patients with diarrhea; Mixed, including patients with or without diarrhea; na, not applicable (parameter not provided)