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Table 2 Prevalence of Trichinella spp. in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in European countries and comparison with the present study

From: Trichinella spp. biomass has increased in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Estonia

Country

Sampling period

Samples (n)

Prevalence of Trichinella spp. (95% CI) (%)

Prevalence of Tn (total) (95% CI) (%)

Prevalence of Tb (total) (95% CI) (%)

Prevalence of Ts (total) (95% CI) (%)

Prevalence of Tp (total) (95% CI) (%)

Prevalence of mixed infections (95% CI) (%)

Reference

Estonia

2011–2012

113

57.5 (48.3–66.4)

31.9 (23.8–40.9)

24.8 (17.5–33.4)

0.0 (0.0–2.6)

0.0 (0.0–2.6)

11.5 (7.9–20.5)

Present study

Estonia

2000–2002

157

42.0* (34.5–49.9)

15.9** (10.8–22.3)

15.9 (10.8–22.3)

0.0 (0.0–5.1)

0.0 (0.0–5.1)

5.1 (2.4–9.4)

[4]

Estonia

1992–2000

33

45.5 (29.2–62.5)

15.2 (5.8–30.4)

27.3 (14.2–44.2)

0.0 (0.0–8.7)

0.0 (0.2–8.7)

3.0 (0.2–14.1)

[3, 14, 57]

Finland

1999–2005

662

28.1*** (24.8–31.6)

     

[19]

Finland

1996–1998

199

37.7*** (31.2–44.6)

     

[8]

Germany

2006–2007

146

4.8*** (2.1–9.3)

0.0*** (0.0–2.0)

0.0*** (0.0–2.0)

4.1* (1.7–8.3)

2.7 (0.9–6.5)

1.4*** (0.2–4.5)

[20]

Germany

2000–2014

1527

1.9*** (1.3–2.7)

0.0*** (0.0–0.2)

0.1*** (0.0–0.3)

1.7 (1.1–2.4)

0.1 (0.0–0.3)

0.0 (0.0–0.2)***

[21]

Latvia

2010–2014

394

37.3*** (32.6–42.2)

2.8*** (1.5–4.8)

35.0* (30.4–39.9)

0.5 (0.1–1.7)

0.0 (0.0–0.8)

3.0*** (1.7–5.1)

[22]

Latvia

2000–2002

17

35.3 (15.7–59.5)

     

[4]

Lithuania

2001–2006

75

29.3*** (19.9–40.4)

     

[23]

Lithuania

2000–2002

83

32.5*** (23.1–43.1)

2.4*** (0.4–7.7)

25.3 (16.8–35.5)

4.8* (1.6–11.2)

0.0 (0.0–3.5)

4.8 (1.6–11.2)

[4]

Poland

2012

39

5.1*** (0.9–15.9)

0.0*** (0.0–7.4)

0.0*** (0.0–7.4)

5.1 (0.9–15.9)

0.0 (0.0–7.4)

0.0* (0.0–7.4)

[24]

  1. Abbreviations: Tn, Trichinella nativa; Tb, Trichinella britovi; Ts, Trichinella spiralis; Tp, Trichinella pseudospiralis
  2. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001