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Fig. 1 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 1

From: A reverse vaccinology approach to the identification and characterization of Ctenocephalides felis candidate protective antigens for the control of cat flea infestations

Fig. 1

Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) life cycle and vaccine efficacy. Representative images of different cat flea developmental stages were taken from the laboratory colony maintained at the LLC ACRO Vet Lab (Kyiv region, Ukraine) and used in this study. Vaccine efficacy (E) was determined by considering flea mortality (M, % mortality), flea fertility (F, No. of F1 adults per female), oviposition (O, No. of eggs oviposited), eggs hatchability (H, % of hatched eggs), flea viability (V, No. of viable females), and flea fecundity (U, % of fecund fleas)

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