Insecticide resistance and target site mutations (G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr) of Culex pipiens in Morocco

Parasites & Vectors

Table 1 Mortality and knockdown effect of insecticides on Cx. pipiens in Mohammadia, Morocco

Insecticide	Exposed mosquitoes		Control mosquitoes		kdT₅₀ (min) (95% CI)	kdT₉₀ (min) (95% CI)
Insecticide	n	Mortality (%)	n	Mortality (%)	kdT₅₀ (min) (95% CI)	kdT₉₀ (min) (95% CI)
Lymbda-cyhalothrin (0.05%)	111	49	40	0	33 (30.52–34.95)	61 (56.23–69.20)
Permethrin (0.75%)	118	63	40	0	33 (30.07–35.07)	65 (59.09–74.43)
DDT (4%)	110	16	40	0	no kd	no kd
Malathion (5%)	90	52	40	0	–	–
Bendiocarb (0.1%)	102	39	40	0	–	–

Abbreviations: kdT₅₀ and kdT₉₀ knock down time for 50% and 90%, respectively, of exposed mosquitoes with confidence intervals (CI) at 5% level provided by WINDL software, n number of mosquitoes

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