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Table 5 Comparison of changes in defecation and hygiene behaviour as reported from the household-based questionnaire (n = 350) between control and intervention communities

From: Effect of an integrated intervention package of preventive chemotherapy, community-led total sanitation and health education on the prevalence of helminth and intestinal protozoa infections in Côte d’Ivoire

Behaviour

Group

Proportion (%) in 2011

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Proportion (%) in 2012

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Change between 2011 and 2012 (McNemar’s test)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Open defecation (OD)

Control

92.31

1

 

81.32

1

 

0.31 (0.13–0.67)

0.002

 

Intervention

95.83

1.92 (0.75–4.87)

0.172

44.64

0.19 (0.12–0.30)

<  0.001

0.04 (0.01–0.12)

<  0.001

Place for OD

 Bushes (close to community)

Control

69.23

1

 

64.84

1

 

0.71 (0.38–1.31)

0.312

Intervention

75.00

1.33 (0.83–2.13)

0.230

16.67

0.11 (0.07–0.18)

<  0.001

0.10 (0.05–0.19)

<  0.001

 Plantation

Control

65.93

1

 

71.43

1

 

1.27 (0.81–2.01)

0.326

Intervention

48.81

0.49 (0.32–0.76)

0.001

41.07

0.28 (0.18–0.44)

<  0.001

0.73 (0.46–1.15)

0.193

 Close to river/pond

Control

4.40

1

 

0.00

1

 

0.20 (0.04–1.79)

0.219

Intervention

2.98

0.67 (0.21–2.08)

0.486

0.60

na

na

na

na

 Behind the house

Control

2.75

1

 

3.30

1

 

1.25 (0.27–6.30)

1.000

Intervention

1.19

0.43 (0.82–2.23)

0.312

0.60

0.18 (0.02–1.47)

0.109

0.50 (0.01–9.60)

1.000

Toilet usea

Control

46.70

1

 

40.11

1

 

0.43 (0.17–0.98)

0.043

Intervention

15.48

0.21 (0.13–0.35)

< 0.001

94.64

26.38 (12.66–54.96)

<  0.001

134.00 (23.64–5331.72)

<  0.001

Strict toilet useb

Control

26.92

1

 

29.67

1

 

1.28 (0.66–2.51)

0.533

Intervention

12.50

0.39 (0.22–0.68)

0.001

79.17

9.01 (5.52–14.70)

<  0.001

17.00 (8.00–43.20)

<  0.001

Spontaneously mentioned to wash hands after defecation

Control

29.67

1

 

25.82

1

 

0.83 (0.50–1.34)

0.483

Intervention

14.88

0.41 (0.24–0.71)

0.001

41.07

2.00 (0.25–3.15)

0.003

3.93 (2.20–7.47)

<  0.001

Place of defecation of households’ childrenc

 Toilet/latrine

Control

26.95

1

 

26.95

1

 

1.00 (0.49–2.04)

1.000

Intervention

8.92

0.27 (0.14–0.51)

< 0.001

81.35

11.97 (7.05–20.30)

<  0.001

58.00 (15.70–484.61)

<  0.001

 Bushes (close to community)

Control

62.28

1

 

64.07

1

 

1.19 (0.58–2.47)

0.736

Intervention

78.34

2.19 (1.34–3.58)

0.002

4.52

0.03 (0.01–0.06)

<  0.001

0.17 (0.00–0.06)

<  0.001

 Behind the house

Control

13.77

1

 

14.37

1

 

1.05 (0.54–2.04)

1.000

Intervention

1.91

0.12 (0.04–0.42)

0.001

0.00

na

na

0.00 (0.00–2.42)

0.250

 Potty

Control

11.38

1

 

47.31

1

 

11.00 (4.79–31.05)

<  0.001

Intervention

19.75

1.92 (1.03–3.56)

0.039

65.97

2.16

0.001

9.34 (4.52–22.51)

<  0.001

 On the field/plantation

Control

5.99

1

 

7.19

1

 

1.22 (0.46–3.34)

0.824

Intervention

5.73

0.96 (0.38–2.42)

0.922

0.00

na

na

0.00 (0.00–0.51)

0.003

 Close to river/pond

Control

0.00

1

 

18.56

1

 

na

na

Intervention

0.00

na

na

20.13

1.11 (0.64–1.92)

0.722

na

na

  1. aToilet use defined as use of a latrine/toilet (private or shared) of any frequency and unconditional of other places used for defecation
  2. bStrict toilet use defined as use of a latrine/toilet (private or shared) of a minimum frequency of 2 (includes “regularly”, “often” and “always”) combined with no open defecation except for defecation in the plantation far away from the community
  3. cOnly for households with children (n = 324)
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