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Table 2 Estimates of populations living in areas endemic for three major filariases in Africa, which may be targeted with tailored mass drug administration (MDA) schemes according to the level of co-endemicity of the filarial nematode species

From: Identifying co-endemic areas for major filarial infections in sub-Saharan Africa: seeking synergies and preventing severe adverse events during mass drug administration campaigns

  Estimates of populations living in areas potentially targetable with different MDA schemes
IVM + ALB IVM IVM + ALB (E)a IVM (E)a ALB(2/year) + ITNa IVM + ALB + ITN (E + MM)a DEC + ALB + IVMb IVM (E + MM)a
Eastern Africa 8,413,869 20,963,598 – – – – 45,192,922 –
Burundi – 1,390,645 – – – – – –
Eritrea – – – – – – 104,459 –
Ethiopia 2,340,296 14,392,313 – – – – 1,161,307 –
Kenya – – – – – – 1,045,022 –
Madagascar – – – – – – 13,557,237 –
Malawi – 2,048,395 – – – – – –
Mozambique 493,510 742,771 – – – – 10,369,358 –
Rwanda – 38,195 – – – – – –
Uganda 1,426,558 2,174,834 – – – – 992,624 –
Tanzania 4,153,505 176,445 – – – – 10,262,625 –
Zambia – – – – – – 6,426,817 –
Zimbabwe – – – – – – 1,273,473 –
Middle Africa 17,259,697 18,580,670 7,040,636 2,498,132 1,381,558 6,636,062 4,154,028 1,741,016
Angola 225,104 5,670,871 – 111,473 323 2314 116,774 244,993
Cameroon 3,064,962 435,486 1,270,793 245,554 331,363 1,548,497 635,665 251,586
CAR 555,240 5358 681,391 3062 697,014 756,080 60,605 33,118
Chad 1,139,547 857,065 476,212 25,770 – 211,614 363,059 –
Congo 37,729 3026 101,911 5767 39,154 29,242 27,589 9924
DRC 12,237,115 11,608,864 4,483,037 2,104,428 222,533 3744,58 2,950,335 1,038,597
Equatorial Guinea – – 27,293 – 91,172 343,735 – –
Gabon – – – 2078 – – – 162,798
Northern Africa 3,045,672 3,046,221 509,869 18,858 19,263 208,310 4,688,564 8669
South Sudan 2,998,136 2,969,800 509,869 18,858 19,263 208,310 843,150 8669
Sudan 47,536 76,421 – – – – 3,845,414 –
Western Africa 50,942,788 23,619,598 3,563,101 724,325 – 21,278 26,738,452 72,050
Benin 1,821,021 1,847,795 – – – – 97,670 –
Burkina Faso 4,332,528 5,527,801 – – – – – –
Ghana 307,396 2,030,355 – – – – 84,886 –
Guinea 3,390,416 227,213 – – – – 1,461,344 –
Guinea-Bissau 176,095 – – – – – 524,123 –
Liberia 42,021 – – – – – 1,964,905 –
Mali 5,959,767 6758 – – – – 2,861,263 –
Mauritania – – – – – – 700,830 –
Niger 78,987 842,637 – – – – 4,837,755 –
Nigeria 25,275,083 10,052,102 3,563,101 724,325 – 21,278 7,974,187 72,050
Senegal 412,921 – – – – – 2,883,203 –
Sierra Leone 2,688,260 – – – – – 683,589 –
Togo – 2,670,471 – – – – – –
Côte d’Ivoire 6,458,292 414,466 – – – – 2,664,695 –
Grand total 79,662,026 66,210,087 11,113,605 3,241,315 1,400,822 6,865,650 80,773,966 1,821,736
  1. aTest & Treat (measure Loiasis microfilaraemia load before treatment and exclude those with > 30,000 mf/ml)
  2. bTriple therapy with DEC is not yet recommended in countries where onchocerciasis is endemic. Re-evaluation of current endemicity is now considered in areas that were classified as hypoendemic by REMO mapping
  3. Abbreviations: ALB albendazole, CAR Central African Republic, DEC diethylcarbamazine, DRC Democratic Republic of Congo, E enhanced post-treatment monitoring for rapid determination of potential loiasis-related SAEs, IVM ivermectin, ITN insecticide-treated nets, MDA mass drug administration, MM medical monitoring at the community during 3–4 days after MDA; SAE severe adverse even
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