Skip to main content

Table 1 Canine surveys comparing prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis (Di) infection by detection of antigen (Ag) using commercial assays without pre-treatment of samples and detection of microfilaria (MF) by microscopy or PCR

From: Prime detection of Dirofilaria immitis: understanding the influence of blocked antigen on heartworm test performance

Country

Di Ag + (%)

Di MF by microscopy (%)

Di MF by PCR (%)

Other MF detected (%)

Reference

Italy

65/630 (10.3)

79/630 (12.5)

NR

12/630 (0.8)a; 76/630 (9.2)b

[13]

Portugal

65/696 (9.4)

84/696 (12.1)

40/41 (97.6)

3/696 (0.4)b

[14]

Portugal

78/304 (25.7)

61/304 (20.1)

NR

NR

[15]

Romania

16/194 (8.2)

11/194 (5.7)

11/24 (45.8)

12/194 (6.2)c

[16]

Australia

48/404 (11.9)

23/404 (5.7)

NR

15/404 (3.7)a

[24]

Brazil

8/611 (1.3)

6/611 (1.0)

NR

42/611 (6.9)a

[25]

USA

45/616 (7.3)

26/616 (4.2)

NR

6/616 (1.0)a

[31]

Costa Rica

16/146 (11.0)

17/146 (11.6)

17/33 (51.5)

16/146 (11.0)a

[48]

Greece

28/750 (3.7)

19/750 (2.5)

NR

10/750 (1.3)a; 17/750 (2.3)c

[54]

USA

31–34/110 (28.2–30.9)

18/110 (16.4)

NR

1/110 (0.9)a

[55]

USA (Tennessee)

93/673 (13.8)

213/3608 (5.9)

NR

NR

[56]

South Korea

36/127 (28.3)

13/127 (10.2)

NR

NR

[57]

Dominican Republic

18/104 (17.3)

14/104 (13.5)

NR

NR

[58]

Haiti

55/210 (26.2)

NR

46/207 (22.2)

3/207 (1.4)a

[59]

  1. aMicrofilaria of Acanthocheilonema reconditum detected
  2. bMicrofilaria of Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides detected
  3. cMicrofilaria of Dirofilaria repens detected
  4. Abbreviation: NR, not reported.